Introduction to Nursing Pharmacotherapeutics
drugs - Answer any chemical that affects living processes
clinical pharmacology - Answer study of drugs in humans
therapeutics - Answer use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease
what are the properties of the perfect drug (justify each) - Answer s - safe: want minimal side effects
so people want to take the drug. hard to achieve.
e - effective: people will only use it if it works.
e - easy to take: more likely to comply (eg. 1 pill per day)
n - no interactions: hard to achieve.
i - inexpensive: hard to achieve (this is still a business)
drug discovery - Answer chemists in labs find chemicals and active drugs relevant to the area.
pre-clinical - Answer have narrowed it down to a group of chemicals
clinical trials - Answer phase 1: >100, effect of the drug on blood of healthy. test safety, tolerance,
dosage, pharmacokinetics.
phase 2: more volunteers. test dosage.
phase 3: patients. does this work better than the current standard.
, fda review - Answer trials over and off the market, gov't grants approval.
phase 4 - Answer post approval - still watching the response of the population.
pharmacokinetics - Answer study of drug movement through the body. consists of:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
absorption - Answer movement from site of administration (determines drug's speed) to blood.
distribution - Answer movement from blood to rest of the body (allows for instant effect)
metabolism - Answer breakdown of the drug into smaller versions (metabolites) that are easier to get
rid of using enzymes and acid.
*half life varies and determines the dosage.
excretion - Answer movement from the body to the outside (urination, sweat, feces, breath).
controlled through liver (breakdown) and kidney (when it leaves). these organs can determine dosage.
agonist - Answer drugs bind with and activate receptors.
antagonist - Answer drugs bind with and block the activation of the receptors.
why is it hard to achieve the balance of neurotransmitter - Answer while the imbalance of the NT is in
a specific area, drugs have a diverse effect that cause the imbalance and associated symptoms.
seratonin - Answer blood pressure, gut control.
mood, emotions, dinural cycle, feeding, temp.
drugs - Answer any chemical that affects living processes
clinical pharmacology - Answer study of drugs in humans
therapeutics - Answer use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease
what are the properties of the perfect drug (justify each) - Answer s - safe: want minimal side effects
so people want to take the drug. hard to achieve.
e - effective: people will only use it if it works.
e - easy to take: more likely to comply (eg. 1 pill per day)
n - no interactions: hard to achieve.
i - inexpensive: hard to achieve (this is still a business)
drug discovery - Answer chemists in labs find chemicals and active drugs relevant to the area.
pre-clinical - Answer have narrowed it down to a group of chemicals
clinical trials - Answer phase 1: >100, effect of the drug on blood of healthy. test safety, tolerance,
dosage, pharmacokinetics.
phase 2: more volunteers. test dosage.
phase 3: patients. does this work better than the current standard.
, fda review - Answer trials over and off the market, gov't grants approval.
phase 4 - Answer post approval - still watching the response of the population.
pharmacokinetics - Answer study of drug movement through the body. consists of:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
absorption - Answer movement from site of administration (determines drug's speed) to blood.
distribution - Answer movement from blood to rest of the body (allows for instant effect)
metabolism - Answer breakdown of the drug into smaller versions (metabolites) that are easier to get
rid of using enzymes and acid.
*half life varies and determines the dosage.
excretion - Answer movement from the body to the outside (urination, sweat, feces, breath).
controlled through liver (breakdown) and kidney (when it leaves). these organs can determine dosage.
agonist - Answer drugs bind with and activate receptors.
antagonist - Answer drugs bind with and block the activation of the receptors.
why is it hard to achieve the balance of neurotransmitter - Answer while the imbalance of the NT is in
a specific area, drugs have a diverse effect that cause the imbalance and associated symptoms.
seratonin - Answer blood pressure, gut control.
mood, emotions, dinural cycle, feeding, temp.
