NUR 8022 Exam 3 GUARANTEED PASS
What happens to the percentage of body water through the lifespan? -(ANSWER) Newborns; 75-
90%
Childhood; 60-65%
Adults; 60%
Older adults; declines with age
Why do older adults experience a decrease in body percentage of water? -(ANSWER) -
increased adipose tissue
- decreased muscle mass
- renal decline
- diminished thirst
What is the definition of osmotic force? -(ANSWER) Amt. of hydrostatic pressure required to
oppose the osmotic movement of water.
What is filtration? -(ANSWER) movement of fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space
What is reabsorption? -(ANSWER) movement of fluid from interstitial space into the capillary
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure? -(ANSWER) (blood pressure) facilitates the outward
movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space
What is capillary oncotic pressure? -(ANSWER) Water pulling
attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary osmotically
What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure? -(ANSWER) Water pushing.
facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary
What is interstitial oncotic pressure? -(ANSWER) water pulling
attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space osmotically.
What is Starlings hypothesis? -(ANSWER) Net filtration = forces favoring filtration - forces
opposing filtration
What forces favor filtration? -(ANSWER) 1. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
2. interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)
What forces oppose filtration? -(ANSWER) 1. Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water
pulling)
2. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
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, What is the major force of filtration and reabosoprtion? -(ANSWER) capillary pressures
What happens at the arteriole end of the capillary in terms of fluid forces? -(ANSWER)
hydrostatic pressure > interstitial oncotic pressure = water into the insterstitial space
FILTRATION
What happens at the venous end of a capillary in terms of fluid forces? -(ANSWER) capillary
oncotic pressure > interstitial hydrostatic pressure = fluid back into ciruclation
REABSORPTION
What is the pathophysiology of edema? -(ANSWER) increased in forces favoring fluid filtration
from the capillaries or lymphatic channels into the tissues
What is the primary ECF cation? -(ANSWER) Sodium
What is the primary ECF anion? -(ANSWER) Chloride
Describe the relationship btw. Chloride and sodium and bicarbonate -(ANSWER) Cl follow
sodium and varies inversely with bicarb.
What hormone regulates sodium? where is it synthesized? -(ANSWER) Aldosterone.
Synthesized in the adrenal cortex.
When is aldosterone secreted? -(ANSWER) Decreased renal perfusion, low NA levels, high K
levels.
What are the effects of aldosterone secretion? -(ANSWER) Acts on the distule tubule of the
kidney to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete K and H+ into urine.
Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system -(ANSWER) decreased blood pressure causes
the juxtaglomerular cells of kidney to secrete renin
renin stimulates angiotensin I
angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II by ACE in pulmonary vessels
angiotensin II:
- stimulates aldosterone secretion
- causes vasoconstriction
leads to reabsorption of Na/H20, rise of systemic BP restoring renal perfusion... all negative
feedback that inhibits further release of renin
What produces ANP? Urodilantin? -(ANSWER) myocardial atria
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What happens to the percentage of body water through the lifespan? -(ANSWER) Newborns; 75-
90%
Childhood; 60-65%
Adults; 60%
Older adults; declines with age
Why do older adults experience a decrease in body percentage of water? -(ANSWER) -
increased adipose tissue
- decreased muscle mass
- renal decline
- diminished thirst
What is the definition of osmotic force? -(ANSWER) Amt. of hydrostatic pressure required to
oppose the osmotic movement of water.
What is filtration? -(ANSWER) movement of fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space
What is reabsorption? -(ANSWER) movement of fluid from interstitial space into the capillary
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure? -(ANSWER) (blood pressure) facilitates the outward
movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space
What is capillary oncotic pressure? -(ANSWER) Water pulling
attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary osmotically
What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure? -(ANSWER) Water pushing.
facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary
What is interstitial oncotic pressure? -(ANSWER) water pulling
attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space osmotically.
What is Starlings hypothesis? -(ANSWER) Net filtration = forces favoring filtration - forces
opposing filtration
What forces favor filtration? -(ANSWER) 1. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
2. interstitial oncotic pressure (water pulling)
What forces oppose filtration? -(ANSWER) 1. Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water
pulling)
2. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Page | 1
, What is the major force of filtration and reabosoprtion? -(ANSWER) capillary pressures
What happens at the arteriole end of the capillary in terms of fluid forces? -(ANSWER)
hydrostatic pressure > interstitial oncotic pressure = water into the insterstitial space
FILTRATION
What happens at the venous end of a capillary in terms of fluid forces? -(ANSWER) capillary
oncotic pressure > interstitial hydrostatic pressure = fluid back into ciruclation
REABSORPTION
What is the pathophysiology of edema? -(ANSWER) increased in forces favoring fluid filtration
from the capillaries or lymphatic channels into the tissues
What is the primary ECF cation? -(ANSWER) Sodium
What is the primary ECF anion? -(ANSWER) Chloride
Describe the relationship btw. Chloride and sodium and bicarbonate -(ANSWER) Cl follow
sodium and varies inversely with bicarb.
What hormone regulates sodium? where is it synthesized? -(ANSWER) Aldosterone.
Synthesized in the adrenal cortex.
When is aldosterone secreted? -(ANSWER) Decreased renal perfusion, low NA levels, high K
levels.
What are the effects of aldosterone secretion? -(ANSWER) Acts on the distule tubule of the
kidney to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete K and H+ into urine.
Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system -(ANSWER) decreased blood pressure causes
the juxtaglomerular cells of kidney to secrete renin
renin stimulates angiotensin I
angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II by ACE in pulmonary vessels
angiotensin II:
- stimulates aldosterone secretion
- causes vasoconstriction
leads to reabsorption of Na/H20, rise of systemic BP restoring renal perfusion... all negative
feedback that inhibits further release of renin
What produces ANP? Urodilantin? -(ANSWER) myocardial atria
Page | 2
