TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING NUTRITION, 16TH EDITION, ELLIE WHITNEY, SHARON RADY ROLFES

TESTgBANKgFORgUNDERSTANDINGgPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Huetherg&gMcCance:gUnderstandinggPathophysiology,g6thgEdition

Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology




MULTIPLEgCHOICE

1. Agstudentgisgobservinggagcellgundergthegmicroscope.gItgisgobservedgtoghavegsupercoiledgDN
Agwithghistones.gWhichgofgthegfollowinggwouldgalsogbegobservedgbygthegstudent?
a. Agsinglegcirculargchromosome
b. Agnucleus
c. Free-floatinggnucleargmaterial
d. Nogorganelles
ANS:g B
Thegcellgdescribedgisgageukaryoticgcell,gsogitghasghistonesgandgagsupercoiledgDNAgwithingitsgn
ucleus;gthus,gthegnucleusgshouldgbegobserved.gAgsinglegcirculargchromosomegcalledgagprokar
yotegcontainsgfree-floatinggnucleargmaterialgbutghasgnogorganelles.

REF:g p.g2

2. Agnursegisginstructinggthegstaffgaboutgcellulargfunctions.gWhichgcellulargfunctiongisgthegnurs
egdescribinggwhengangisolatedgcellgabsorbsgoxygengandgusesgitgtogtransformgnutrientsgtogener
gy?
a. Metabolicgabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:g D
Thegcell’sgabilitygtogabsorbgoxygengisgreferredgtogasgrespirationgwhilegitsgcommunicationgabilitygin
volvesgmaintenancegofgagsteadygdynamicgstate,gmetabolicgabsorptiongprovidesgnutrition,gandgsecre
tiongallowsgforgthegsynthesizinggofgnewgsubstances.

REF:g p.g2

3. AgeukaryoticgcellgisgundergoinggDNAgreplication.gIngwhichgregiongofgthegcellgwouldgmostg
ofgtheggeneticginformationgbegcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusgCytoplasm
ANS:g C
Thegregiongofgthegcellgthatgcontainsggeneticgmaterial,gincludinggaglargegamountgofgribonucleic
gacid,gmostgofgthegDNA,gandgDNA-
bindinggproteins,gisgthegnucleolus,gwhichgisglocatedgwithingthegcell’sgnucleus.gMitochondriagi
sgassociatedgwithgcellulargrespiration,gwhilegribosomesgareginvolvedgwithgproteingmanufactur
ing.gCytoplasmgisgagfluidgfillinggthatgisgagcomponentgofgthegcell.

REF:g p.g2

,TESTgBANKgFORgUNDERSTANDINGgPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Huetherg&gMcCance:gUnderstandinggPathophysiology,g6thgEdition

Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology




4. Whichgofgthegfollowinggcangremovegproteinsgattachedgtogthegcell’sgbilayergbygdissolvinggth
eglayergitself?
a. Peripheralgmembranegproteins
b. Integralgmembranegproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellgadhesiongmolecules
ANS:g B
Proteinsgdirectlygattachedgtogthegmembranegbilayergcangbegremovedgbygthegactiongofgintegralg
membranegproteinsgthatgdissolvegthegbilayer.gPeripheralgmembranegproteinsgresidegatgthegsurf
acegwhilegcellgadhesiongmoleculesgaregongthegoutsidegofgthegmembrane.gGlycoproteingmarksg
cellsgandgdoesgnotgfloat.

REF:g p.g7

5. Whichgofgthegfollowinggcangbindgtogplasmagmembranegreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicglipids
d. Ligands
ANS:g D
Ligandsgaregthegonlygspecificgmoleculesgthatgcangbindgwithgreceptorsgongthegcellgmembrane.

REF:g p.g9

6. Agnursegisgreviewinggagreportgfromgagpatientgwithgmetastaticgcancer.gWhatgalternationgingth
egextracellulargmatrixgwouldgs uNpUpgoSRrgN
t gt hIe gdG
gT
iagnBo.
siC
sgofM
metastaticgcancer?
a. Decreasedgfibronectin
b. Increasedgcollagen
c. Decreasedgelastin
d. Increasedgglycoproteins
ANS:g A
Onlygagreducedgamountgofgfibronectingisgfoundgingsomegtypesgofgcancerousgcells,gallowinggth
emgtogtravelgorgmetastasize.

REF:g p.g10

7. Whichgformgofgcellgcommunicationgisgusedgtogrelategtogothergcellsgingdirectgphysicalgcontact?
a. Cellgjunction
b. Gapgjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightgjunction

ANS:g A
Cellgjunctionsgholdgcellsgtogethergandgpermitgmoleculesgtogpassgfromgcellgtogcell.
Gapgjunctionsgallowgforgcellulargcommunicationgbetweengcells.gNeithergdesmosomesgnorgtightgjun
ctionsgaregassociatedgwithgcellulargcommunication.

REF:g p.g11

,TESTgBANKgFORgUNDERSTANDINGgPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Huetherg&gMcCance:gUnderstandinggPathophysiology,g6thgEdition

Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology




8. Pancreaticgbetagcellsgsecreteginsulin,gwhichginhibitsgsecretiongofgglucagongfromgneighborin
ggalphagcells.gThisgactiongisgangexamplegofgwhichgofgthegfollowinggsignalinggtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:g A
Paracrinegsignalingginvolvesgthegreleasegofglocalgchemicalgmediatorsgthatgaregquicklygtakengup
,gdestroyed,gorgimmobilized,gasgingthegcasegofginsulingandgtheginhibitiongofgthegsecretiongofggl
ucagon.gNonegofgthegothergoptionsginvolvegsignalinggthatgisgassociatedgwithgaglocalgchemicalg
mediatorglikeginsulin.

REF:g p.g12

9. Ingcellulargmetabolism,geachgenzymeghasgaghighgaffinitygforga:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:g B
Eachgenzymeghasgaghighgaffinitygforgagsubstrate,gagspecificgsubstancegconvertedgtogagproductg
ofgthegreaction.gCellulargmetabolismgisgnotgdependentgongangattractiongbetweengangenzymega
ndganygofgthegremaininggoptions.

REF:g g p.g16

10. Angathletegrunsgagmarathon,gaftergwhichghisgmusclesgfeelgfatiguedgandgunablegtogcontract.gTh
egathletegasksgthegnursegwhygthisghappened.gThegnurse’sgresponsegisgbasedgongthegknowledgegt
hatgthegproblemgisgresultgofgagdeficiencygof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:g C
WhengATPgisgdeficient,gimpairedgmusclegcontractiongresults.gNonegofgthegothergoptionsgaregi
nvolvedgingmusclegcontraction.

REF:g p.g16

11. WhichgphasegofgcatabolismgproducesgthegmostgATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricgacidgcycle

ANS:g D
WhilegsomegATPgisgproducedgduringgthegoxidationgandgglycolysisgphases,gmostgofgthegATPgis

, TESTgBANKgFORgUNDERSTANDINGgPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Huetherg&gMcCance:gUnderstandinggPathophysiology,g6thgEditiong

Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology


generatedgduringgthegcitricgacidgcycle.gDigestiongdoesgnotgproduceganygATP.