PRAXIS Elementary Education: Science ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+ RECENT VERSION

PRAXIS Elementary Education: Science ACTUAL EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+ RECENT VERSION 1. Waves - ANSWER Which are repeating pulses of energy 2. Mechanical Waves - ANSWER Waves that travel through a medium, like ripples on a pond or compressions on a slinky 3. Transverse Waves - ANSWER Waves that vibrate up and down (like the ripples on a pond) 4. Longitudinal Waves - ANSWER Travel through compression like a slinky 5. Sound - ANSWER Special type of longitudinal wave created by vibrations 6. Pitch - ANSWER Frequency or rate of the vibration 7. Loudness - ANSWER Depends on the amplitude or height of a sound wave 8. Electromagnetic Waves - ANSWER Composed of both electric and magnetic fields and thus do not require a medium to travel through 9. Ex) Radio Waves, Microwaves, X-rays and visible light 10. Color - ANSWER Frequency of a light wave; red/ orange colors has a lower frequency than blue/ violet colors 11. Electric Charge - ANSWER Created by a difference in the balance of protons and electrons, which creates a positively or negatively charged object 12. Electrostatic charge - ANSWER When a surface has a buildup of charges 13. Electricity - ANSWER The movement of electrons through a conductor 14. Magnets - ANSWER The alignment of spinning electrons within a substance; occurs naturally in iron, nickel and cobalt 15. Difference between Electric Charge and Magnetic Charge - ANSWER Electric Charge is either negative or positive depending on number of protons and electrons; Magnetic Charge is always negative and positive with two poles 16. Phases of the moon - ANSWER 1. New moon(no sunlight) 2. Waxing Crescent (little sunlight) 3. First quarter (half sunlight) 4.Waxing gibbous (little sunlight) 5. Full moon(all sunlight) 6. Waning gibbous (more sunlight) 7. Third quarter ( half sun/ half moon) 8. Waning Crescent (less sun/more moon) 9. New moon 17. Substance Abuse (3 Types) - ANSWER Stimulants- nicotine caffeine cocaine ecstasy meth amphetamines; increase activity Depressants- alcohol heroin morphine codeine marijuana; lowers neurotransmission levels, Hallucinogens- LSD PCP psilocybin 18. Earth's Layers - ANSWER 1- Crust: very thin, moves ontop 2- Upper Mantle: 3- Lower Mantle: ^ largest layer of Earth 4- Outer Core: so hot, metals are in liquid state/ nickel & iron 5- Inner Core: metals squeeze together like a solid bc pressure is so great- solid metals 19. Planets - ANSWER Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune inner four= terrestrial planets- rocky surfaces 20. outer four= Jovian planets- much larger, gaseous 21. Igneous rock - ANSWER forms from solidified magma (granite) 22. Sedimentary rock - ANSWER consolidated sediment, debris produced from weathering erosion (coal, limestone, gypsum) 23. Metamorphic rock - ANSWER crystalized rock that has been exposed to high temperatures or pressure (slate, marble) 24. Biosphere - ANSWER portion of Earth where living things live and includes other spheres 25. Lithosphere - ANSWER rock, ground, earth 26. hydrosphere - ANSWER water 27. Atmosphere - ANSWER air 28. What are the categories for classification of living things - ANSWER (Domain), Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Dear King Philip Come Over For Good Soup 29. atom - ANSWER smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. Most of the atom is empty space. The rest consists of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. 30. What is the most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere? - ANSWER The atmosphere is composed of ~78% nitrogen and ~21% oxygen, with small amounts of other gases. The bulk composition of the earth by weight is mostly, iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium, in that order, with all the other elements making up only about 5% of the earth's weight. 31. Charles Darwin - ANSWER Theory of evolution, he believed that species survived through a process called "natural selection," where species that successfully adapted to meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived, while those that failed to evolve and reproduce died off. 32. Biological classification - ANSWER Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species 33. Lunar period - ANSWER The lunar period is about 30 days or one month, which is the time it takes the moon to orbit Earth 34. zygote - ANSWER a zygote is the cell formed by the union of a male sperm and female ovum. it has 46 chromosomes 35. isotopes - ANSWER isotopes are atoms with the same # of protons and electrons but different # of neutrons 36. seismograph - ANSWER instrument to measure the intensity of an earthquake 37. punnett square - ANSWER Used to tell the probability of the offspring showing particular traits 38. cell membrane - ANSWER the cell membrane is responsible for the regulation of exchanges of substances between a cell and its environment. controls movement of materials in and out of the cell 39. When does a supernova occur? - ANSWER A supernova occurs when the end of star's lifetime nears with its nuclear fuel exhausted 40. Organism - ANSWER A living thing 41. Cells - ANSWER The basic unit of structure and function in all living things 42. Complex Organisms - ANSWER Organisms that consist of many different types of cells 43. DNA - ANSWER Deoxyribonucleic Acid; double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins 44. Chromosome - ANSWER A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins; Humans have 23 pairs 45. Gene - ANSWER A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait 46. Traits - ANSWER A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes; Dominant or Recessive 47. Life Cycle - ANSWER The entire sequence of stages in the life of an organism, from the adults of one generation to the adults of the next; Begins with a fertilized egg, proceeds to adulthood, and then repeats itself through reproduction 48. Metamorphosis - ANSWER A process in which an animal's body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle (such as a caterpillar becoming a pupa and then a butterfly) 49. Mutation - ANSWER An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration through DNA deletion, insertion, or substitution; 50. Adaption - ANSWER An inherited trait that has become common in a population because the trait provides a selective advantage 51. Natural Selection - ANSWER Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations 52. Homeostasis - ANSWER A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level 53. Population - ANSWER A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and which are capable of interbreeding 54. Community - ANSWER All the different populations that live together in an area; interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other 55. Ecosystem - ANSWER A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 56. Food Chain - ANSWER A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten 57. Food Web - ANSWER Consists of many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem 58. Producer (food chain) - ANSWER An organism that makes its own food from the environment; feeds both itself and others; usually a green plant. 59. Photosynthesis - ANSWER Carbon dioxide & water + Chlorophyll & Light energy = Oxygen & sugar (glucose) 60. Plant Respiration - ANSWER Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (opposite photosynthesis) 61. Matter - ANSWER Anything that has weight (mass) and occupies space (volume) 62. Properties of Matter - ANSWER The characteristics that give each substance its unique identity; can be observed without changing a substance (volume, mass, density, color, melting point, boiling point) 63. Conservation of Matter - ANSWER A fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system 64. Chemical Reaction - ANSWER A process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed producing one or more different substances; Reaction either produces or absorbs heat 65. Mixture - ANSWER A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined, each of which retains its own identity and properties 66. Solution - ANSWER A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these 67. Atom - ANSWER The smallest component of an element still retaining the chemical properties of the element; consists of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction; the number of protons determines the identity of the element. 68. Osmosis - ANSWER Water passes through the membrane to even the concentration of protein on both sides 69. Diffusion - ANSWER Molecules move from a place where they are highly concentrated to one where the concentration is lower 70. Active Transport - ANSWER Material moves with the help of protein energy from low to high concentration 71. Nucleus - ANSWER Contains all DNA, the brain of the cell 72. Cytoplasm - ANSWER Jelly-like substance outside of the nucleus where the organelles are 73. Organelles - ANSWER Smaller structures within the cell that have specific roles 74. Mitochondria - ANSWER Make energy in the form of ATP