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(2025 Version).
You stand near the edge of a swimming pool and observe through the water an object lying on
the bottom of the pool. Which of the following statements correctly describes what you see?
The apparent depth of the object is less than the real depth.
In the evening you go back to the swimming pool with your friends. The object is still lying on
the bottom of the pool in the same location as before, but since it's dark now, you use a
flashlight to show it to your friends. Remembering the apparent location of the object in
daylight, where should you aim to illuminate the object with the flashlight? Assume you hold
the flashlight at eye level.
You should aim the flashlight at the same location as that of the apparent image seen in
daylight.
The picture shows a light ray passing from glass into water. Which of the following choices A-D
represents the ray within the water?
A (the highest ray)
You look down into an aquarium tank filled
with water and observe a small fish
apparently in the position shown in the
picture. Which of the labels A−D show the
most likely actual position of the fish?
, B (the one right below the fish)
When light propagates from a material with a given index of refraction into a material with a
smaller index of refraction, the speed of the light
increases
What is the minimum value that the index of refraction can have?
+1
Now consider a ray of light that propagates from water (n=1.33) to air (n=1). If the incident ray
strikes the water-air interface at an angle θ1≠0, which of the following relations regarding the
angle of refraction, θ2, is correct?
θ2 > θ1
Consider a ray of light that propagates from water (n=1.33) to glass (n=1.52). If the incident ray
strikes the water-glass interface at an angle θ1≠0, which of the following relations regarding the
angle of refraction θ2 is correct?
θ2 < θ1
Consider a ray of light that propagates from air (n=1) to any one of the materials listed below.
Assuming that the ray strikes the interface with any of the listed materials always at the same
angle θ1, in which material will the direction of propagation of the ray change the most due to
refraction?