Chapter 7: Global migration - OCR A-Level Geography
Questions and Answers
7.1 Return migration (Economic globalisation leading to emergence of new source areas and
host destinations) ✔️✔️Return migration has been a high proportion of migrant flows within the
EU - Romania (93% of its total migration), Lithuania (88%), Latvia (72%). Portugal (64%), Poland
(63%) and Estonia (58%).
This includes young workers having achieved their pre-planned economic goals after two or
three years - often taking low-skilled jobs abroad before returning to more prestigious positions
in their home country.
Internal (Economic globalisation leading to emergence of new source areas and host
destinations) ✔️✔️Internal migrant flows within EDCS such as India. China, Mexico and Brazil,
driven by FDI which has created agglomerations of economic activity near large urban centres.
Rural-urban migration is not new but it has been reinforced and is a major element of the
global migration system.
High concentration of young workers and female migrants ✔️✔️-Young workers
-Female migrants
Young workers (High concentration of young workers and female migrants) ✔️✔️The leading
cause for international migration by the younger elements of the labour force is economic -
greater employment opportunities, higher wages and the possibility of remittance. Study the
population structure of migrant populations.
Page 225.
Female migrants (High concentration of young workers and female migrants) ✔️✔️Globally,
there has been an increase in the number of women and girl migrants in the 21st century. In
2013, 52% of all migrants in developed countries were female; in developing countries the
figure was 46%. Regionally, in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America and
Oceania, female participation in international migration exceeded that of men.
Page 225.
, Remittance ✔️✔️Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they
emigrated.
Examples of South-South migration corridors ✔️✔️-Burkina Faso to Ivory Coast
-Myanmar to Thailand
Page 227.
Conflict and persecution have increased numbers of refugees ✔️✔️A refugee is someone who
has moved outside of his nationality or usual domicile because of genuine fear of persecution
or death. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) the number
of refugees worldwide increased from 15.7 million in 2012 to 19.5 million in 2014.
Pages 227-229.
Changes in national immigration and emigration policies ✔️✔️National migration policies are
designed to meet the economic, social and political needs of a country. For example, some ACs
such as the UK, Australia and Canada use a points-based system to satisfy labour shortages in
particular sectors.
In the developing world some countries actively encourage emigration, largely to assist in the
development process through the financial benefits of migrant remittances, and the skills, ideas
and business contacts brought by returning migrants.
Example of Emigration policy Pakistan ✔️✔️-Pakistan
Pages 229-230
Example of Immigration policy Canada ✔️✔️-Canada
Page 230.
Questions and Answers
7.1 Return migration (Economic globalisation leading to emergence of new source areas and
host destinations) ✔️✔️Return migration has been a high proportion of migrant flows within the
EU - Romania (93% of its total migration), Lithuania (88%), Latvia (72%). Portugal (64%), Poland
(63%) and Estonia (58%).
This includes young workers having achieved their pre-planned economic goals after two or
three years - often taking low-skilled jobs abroad before returning to more prestigious positions
in their home country.
Internal (Economic globalisation leading to emergence of new source areas and host
destinations) ✔️✔️Internal migrant flows within EDCS such as India. China, Mexico and Brazil,
driven by FDI which has created agglomerations of economic activity near large urban centres.
Rural-urban migration is not new but it has been reinforced and is a major element of the
global migration system.
High concentration of young workers and female migrants ✔️✔️-Young workers
-Female migrants
Young workers (High concentration of young workers and female migrants) ✔️✔️The leading
cause for international migration by the younger elements of the labour force is economic -
greater employment opportunities, higher wages and the possibility of remittance. Study the
population structure of migrant populations.
Page 225.
Female migrants (High concentration of young workers and female migrants) ✔️✔️Globally,
there has been an increase in the number of women and girl migrants in the 21st century. In
2013, 52% of all migrants in developed countries were female; in developing countries the
figure was 46%. Regionally, in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America and
Oceania, female participation in international migration exceeded that of men.
Page 225.
, Remittance ✔️✔️Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they
emigrated.
Examples of South-South migration corridors ✔️✔️-Burkina Faso to Ivory Coast
-Myanmar to Thailand
Page 227.
Conflict and persecution have increased numbers of refugees ✔️✔️A refugee is someone who
has moved outside of his nationality or usual domicile because of genuine fear of persecution
or death. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) the number
of refugees worldwide increased from 15.7 million in 2012 to 19.5 million in 2014.
Pages 227-229.
Changes in national immigration and emigration policies ✔️✔️National migration policies are
designed to meet the economic, social and political needs of a country. For example, some ACs
such as the UK, Australia and Canada use a points-based system to satisfy labour shortages in
particular sectors.
In the developing world some countries actively encourage emigration, largely to assist in the
development process through the financial benefits of migrant remittances, and the skills, ideas
and business contacts brought by returning migrants.
Example of Emigration policy Pakistan ✔️✔️-Pakistan
Pages 229-230
Example of Immigration policy Canada ✔️✔️-Canada
Page 230.
