Psych 223 Drugs and Behavior Exam 1
(Emory)
The interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for its action in the body -
ANSWER-Pharmacodynamics
These types of absorption are slower - ANSWER-Orally, mucus membrane, through
skin, rectally
These types of absorption are faster - ANSWER-Parenterally, inhaled
The fastest absorption is - ANSWER-directly into the brain
The faster the absorption, the quicker the onset, the higher the __, but the shorter the
__ - ANSWER-addictiveness, duration
Ionized (have electrical charge). Crosses through pores in capillaries, but not cell
membranes - ANSWER-Water-soluble
Non-ionized (no electrical charge). Crosses pores, cell membranes, blood-brain-barrier -
ANSWER-Lipid(fat)-soluble
The fraction of an administered dose of drug that reaches the bloodstream - ANSWER-
Bioavailability
Physical properties of the drug (hydrophobicity, pKa, solubility) -- -match the tissue. The
drug formulation (immediate release, delayed release, etc.) --- drug coating. If the drug
is administered in a fed or fasted state --- "medication with food"?. Gastric emptying rate
---- liquids are emptied at a constant rate; meat slows function. Circadian differences --
resting increases bodily functions --- Get sleep, but after class! Interactions with other
drugs ---- Drugs can inhibit/complement each other's effects. Age ---- the older you are
the less efficiently things work. Diet ---- Cool research linking gut microbes and alcohol.
Gender ---- women achieve higher BAC with less alcohol (due to diff. in water content).
Disease state ---- Mood disorders can trigger drug use... Drug use can influence mood -
ANSWER-What determines bioavailability
Enzymes(cytochrome P-450) transform drugs into more water-soluble metabolites.
Repeated drug exposure increases efficiency, leading to tolerance - ANSWER-Liver
Traps water-soluble (ionized) compounds for elimination via urine (primarily), feces, air,
sweat - ANSWER-Kidneys
, Time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of initial level. -
ANSWER-Plasma half-life
Time it takes to eliminate half of the body content of a drug. - ANSWER-Whole body
half-life
The effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken
separately, eg., aspirin and motrin. - ANSWER-Additive Effects
The effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate
effect at the same doses, e.g., alcohol and other drugs - ANSWER-Synergistic Effects
Speeds up the absorption of alcohol by stimulating the opening of the pyloric valve,
allowing more rapid absorption of the fluid - ANSWER-Carbonation
The effect of two chemicals taken together is less than the sum of their separate effect
at the same doses - ANSWER-Antagonistic Effects
target/site of drug action (e.g. genetically-coded proteins embedded in neural
membrane) - ANSWER-Receptor
Age, renal excretion, liver metabolism, and protein binding - ANSWER-Factors affecting
half-life
A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time. When drug concentration is
high, rate of disappearance is high - ANSWER-First order kinetics
Rate of elimination is constant. Rate of elimination is independent of drug concentration.
Constant amount eliminated per unit of time (Alcohol) - ANSWER-Zero order kinetics
Depicts the relation between drug dose and magnitude of drug effect. Drugs can have
more than one effect. - ANSWER-Dose-response curve
A __ is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the
body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically - ANSWER-drug
These affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking and
behavior. - ANSWER-Psychoactive drugs
(Emory)
The interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for its action in the body -
ANSWER-Pharmacodynamics
These types of absorption are slower - ANSWER-Orally, mucus membrane, through
skin, rectally
These types of absorption are faster - ANSWER-Parenterally, inhaled
The fastest absorption is - ANSWER-directly into the brain
The faster the absorption, the quicker the onset, the higher the __, but the shorter the
__ - ANSWER-addictiveness, duration
Ionized (have electrical charge). Crosses through pores in capillaries, but not cell
membranes - ANSWER-Water-soluble
Non-ionized (no electrical charge). Crosses pores, cell membranes, blood-brain-barrier -
ANSWER-Lipid(fat)-soluble
The fraction of an administered dose of drug that reaches the bloodstream - ANSWER-
Bioavailability
Physical properties of the drug (hydrophobicity, pKa, solubility) -- -match the tissue. The
drug formulation (immediate release, delayed release, etc.) --- drug coating. If the drug
is administered in a fed or fasted state --- "medication with food"?. Gastric emptying rate
---- liquids are emptied at a constant rate; meat slows function. Circadian differences --
resting increases bodily functions --- Get sleep, but after class! Interactions with other
drugs ---- Drugs can inhibit/complement each other's effects. Age ---- the older you are
the less efficiently things work. Diet ---- Cool research linking gut microbes and alcohol.
Gender ---- women achieve higher BAC with less alcohol (due to diff. in water content).
Disease state ---- Mood disorders can trigger drug use... Drug use can influence mood -
ANSWER-What determines bioavailability
Enzymes(cytochrome P-450) transform drugs into more water-soluble metabolites.
Repeated drug exposure increases efficiency, leading to tolerance - ANSWER-Liver
Traps water-soluble (ionized) compounds for elimination via urine (primarily), feces, air,
sweat - ANSWER-Kidneys
, Time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of initial level. -
ANSWER-Plasma half-life
Time it takes to eliminate half of the body content of a drug. - ANSWER-Whole body
half-life
The effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken
separately, eg., aspirin and motrin. - ANSWER-Additive Effects
The effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate
effect at the same doses, e.g., alcohol and other drugs - ANSWER-Synergistic Effects
Speeds up the absorption of alcohol by stimulating the opening of the pyloric valve,
allowing more rapid absorption of the fluid - ANSWER-Carbonation
The effect of two chemicals taken together is less than the sum of their separate effect
at the same doses - ANSWER-Antagonistic Effects
target/site of drug action (e.g. genetically-coded proteins embedded in neural
membrane) - ANSWER-Receptor
Age, renal excretion, liver metabolism, and protein binding - ANSWER-Factors affecting
half-life
A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time. When drug concentration is
high, rate of disappearance is high - ANSWER-First order kinetics
Rate of elimination is constant. Rate of elimination is independent of drug concentration.
Constant amount eliminated per unit of time (Alcohol) - ANSWER-Zero order kinetics
Depicts the relation between drug dose and magnitude of drug effect. Drugs can have
more than one effect. - ANSWER-Dose-response curve
A __ is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the
body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically - ANSWER-drug
These affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking and
behavior. - ANSWER-Psychoactive drugs
