Emory NBB 201 - FInal Exam
When males have higher T, they show a preference for ____ feminine faces -
ANSWER-__more__
When females have higher E, they show a preference for ____ masculine (higher T)
faces - ANSWER-__more__
Parts of the brain that are involved in human sexual arousal - ANSWER-Females:
anterior insula, amygdala
Males: anterior insula, amygdala and hypothalamus
- males respond more strongly to erotic stimuli, due to sex difference in hypothalamus
responsiveness
Requirements for sexual selection - ANSWER-1: Trait must be variable
2: Trait must be heritable
3: The variation must contribute to differential mating success
Why are human face patches more posterior and ventral than in macaques? -
ANSWER-Expansion of the language cortex on the lateral surface of the temporal lobes
-> face areas got pushed to the ventral part of the temporal lobes
Core visual processing system - ANSWER-Inferior occipital gyri: early perception of
facial features, sends info to:
-> STS (expression)
-> FFA (identity)
Extended visual processing system - ANSWER-STS sends info to:
-> intraparietal sulcus (spatially directed attention)
-> auditory cortex (pre-lexical speech perception)
-> Amygdala/insula/limbic system (emotions)
FFA sends info to:
-> anterior temporal lobe (biographical info)
Fluctuating asymmetry - ANSWER-Individual variation between the two sides of the
face that tend to be symmetrical at the population level
- indicator of poor resistance to pathogens, disease, etc
- less fluctuating asymmetry = more attractive
Ventral vs Dorsal Pathways - ANSWER-Ventral: what (identify objects)
, Dorsal: where (track objects in space)
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER-Failure to discriminate faces
- caused by damage to the occipitotemporal cortex (fusiform face area)
- can see parts of the face but not the whole picture
Human face processing - ANSWER-Expression: superior temporal sulcus (STS)
Identity: fusiform face area (FFA)
Monkey face processing - ANSWER-Expression: superior temporal sulcus (STS)
Identity: inferior temporal lobe (IT)
Facial femininity - ANSWER-Generally considered attractive
Caused by estrogen
Facial masculinity - ANSWER-May not be considered attractive, as a function of
individual differences or hormonal factors
Caused by testosterone
Attractive faces stimulate activity in ____ and ____ - ANSWER-__OFC__ and __NA__
- parts of the mesolimbic DA system where the VTA sends DA
- same places that are activated by food
Facial dominance - ANSWER-More dominant male facial features are correlated with
acquisition of high rank in the military (higher dominance faces may have more T, but
exact mechanism is not known)
Most common form of fatal violence - ANSWER-Males killing males
- women are more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than males are
Most common form of nonfatal violence - ANSWER-Males killing being killed by
strangers
Females are the default
gonads...
mullerian ducts...
wolffian ducts...
prenatal hormones... - ANSWER-gonads... develop into ovaries
mullerian ducts... develop
wolffian ducts... regress
prenatal hormones... are not involved
Males deviate from the default
gonads...
mullerian ducts...
wolffian ducts...
When males have higher T, they show a preference for ____ feminine faces -
ANSWER-__more__
When females have higher E, they show a preference for ____ masculine (higher T)
faces - ANSWER-__more__
Parts of the brain that are involved in human sexual arousal - ANSWER-Females:
anterior insula, amygdala
Males: anterior insula, amygdala and hypothalamus
- males respond more strongly to erotic stimuli, due to sex difference in hypothalamus
responsiveness
Requirements for sexual selection - ANSWER-1: Trait must be variable
2: Trait must be heritable
3: The variation must contribute to differential mating success
Why are human face patches more posterior and ventral than in macaques? -
ANSWER-Expansion of the language cortex on the lateral surface of the temporal lobes
-> face areas got pushed to the ventral part of the temporal lobes
Core visual processing system - ANSWER-Inferior occipital gyri: early perception of
facial features, sends info to:
-> STS (expression)
-> FFA (identity)
Extended visual processing system - ANSWER-STS sends info to:
-> intraparietal sulcus (spatially directed attention)
-> auditory cortex (pre-lexical speech perception)
-> Amygdala/insula/limbic system (emotions)
FFA sends info to:
-> anterior temporal lobe (biographical info)
Fluctuating asymmetry - ANSWER-Individual variation between the two sides of the
face that tend to be symmetrical at the population level
- indicator of poor resistance to pathogens, disease, etc
- less fluctuating asymmetry = more attractive
Ventral vs Dorsal Pathways - ANSWER-Ventral: what (identify objects)
, Dorsal: where (track objects in space)
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER-Failure to discriminate faces
- caused by damage to the occipitotemporal cortex (fusiform face area)
- can see parts of the face but not the whole picture
Human face processing - ANSWER-Expression: superior temporal sulcus (STS)
Identity: fusiform face area (FFA)
Monkey face processing - ANSWER-Expression: superior temporal sulcus (STS)
Identity: inferior temporal lobe (IT)
Facial femininity - ANSWER-Generally considered attractive
Caused by estrogen
Facial masculinity - ANSWER-May not be considered attractive, as a function of
individual differences or hormonal factors
Caused by testosterone
Attractive faces stimulate activity in ____ and ____ - ANSWER-__OFC__ and __NA__
- parts of the mesolimbic DA system where the VTA sends DA
- same places that are activated by food
Facial dominance - ANSWER-More dominant male facial features are correlated with
acquisition of high rank in the military (higher dominance faces may have more T, but
exact mechanism is not known)
Most common form of fatal violence - ANSWER-Males killing males
- women are more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than males are
Most common form of nonfatal violence - ANSWER-Males killing being killed by
strangers
Females are the default
gonads...
mullerian ducts...
wolffian ducts...
prenatal hormones... - ANSWER-gonads... develop into ovaries
mullerian ducts... develop
wolffian ducts... regress
prenatal hormones... are not involved
Males deviate from the default
gonads...
mullerian ducts...
wolffian ducts...
