QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
PrimaryABarriersA-
AcorrectAanswersPhysicalAbarriersAthatAactAasAtheAfirstApartAofAtheAimmuneAsystem,AincludingAs
kin,AmucousAmembranes,AandAexpulsionA(coughing,Asneezing,Aurinating,Avomiting,Aetc.).
InnateAImmunityA-AcorrectAanswersTheAsecondAareaAofAtheAimmuneAsystemAthatAisAnon-
specific,Aspontaneous,AandAreactive.AIncludesAphagocytes,Aeosinophils,Abasophils,AmastAcells,A
andAneutrophils.
AdaptiveAImmunityA-
AcorrectAanswersTheAthirdAareaAofAtheAimmuneAsystemAthatAisAspecific,AhasAmemory,AandAadap
tsAtoAandArecognizesAspecificAantigens.AMemoryAoccursAthroughABAcellsAandATAcells.
ImmunosenescenceA-
AcorrectAanswersNaturallyAwaningAimmunityAthatAoccursAasApartAofAtheAageingAprocess
WhatAisAtheAmostAcommonAcauseAofAacuteAGIAinfectionAinALTC?A-AcorrectAanswersNorovirus
WhatAisAtheAincubationAandAinfectiousAperiodAforAnorovirus?A-
AcorrectAanswersIncubation A=A2Adays
InfectiousA=AupAtoA10Adays
WhatAisAtheAleadingAcauseAofAdeathAamongstALTCAresidents?A-AcorrectAanswersInfluenza
WhatAisAtheAincubationAandAinfectiousAperiodAforAinfluenza?A-
AcorrectAanswersIncubation A=A1Aday
InfectiousA=AupAtoA5Adays
WhatAareAtheA10AethicalAprinciplesAinALTCArelatedAtoAIPAC?A-AcorrectAanswers1.ABeneficence
2.ANon-maleficence
3.AFutilityAofAtreatment
4.AConfidentiality
5.AAutonomyAandAinformedAconsent
6.APhysician-patientArelationship
7.ATruthAtelling
8.AJustice
, 9.ANon-abandonment
10.ALimitedAresources
BeneficenceA-AcorrectAanswers•ADoArightA("good")AbyAtheApatient.
•ATheAphysician'sAmainAconcernAisAtheAwelfareAofAtheApatient.
•ADoAwhatAisAmedicallyAhelpful.
Non-maleficenceA-AcorrectAanswers•AAvoidingAharm.
•AImplementAeffectiveAnon-
hospitalAtreatmentAwhenApossibleA(dueAtoAcomplicationsAthatAcanAariseAduringAhospitalization
AofAelderlyApatients).
•AWithholdAdiagnosticAwork-
upAorAtreatmentAwhenAinterventionAisAunlikelyAtoAresultAinAmeaningfulAsurvivalAorApatientAwell
-being.
FutilityAofAtreatmentA-
AcorrectAanswers•ATreatmentAshouldAbeAconsistentAwithAtheApatient'sA(clinicallyArealistic)Agoal
s.
•AAssessAeachAcaseAindividuallyAsoAasAtoAdetermineAwhetherAtreatmentAwouldAbeAbeneficial.
•AAvoidAinterventionsAthatAwouldAnotAbenefitAtheApatientAand/orAprolongAsuffering.
•APhysician'sAroleAasAanAeducatorAhelpsAclarifyAissues.
ConfidentialityA-
AcorrectAanswers•ACompleteAandAabsoluteAconfidentialityAisAtheAunderlyingAtenet.
•AComplyAwithAlawsAregardingAdisclosureAtoApublicAhealthAauthoritiesAandAthirdAparties.
AutonomyAandAinformedAconsentA-AcorrectAanswers•AAApatientAhasAtheAinherentArightAofAself-
determination.
•AAApatientAhasAtheArightAtoAconsentAandAaArightAtoArefuseAdiagnosticAwork-
upAorAtreatment.AThisAincludesAprotectionAfromAunwantedAtouching.
•AAApatientAhasAtheArightAtoAbeAeducatedAonAtheAprosAandAconsAofAaAmedicalAdecision.
•AAlthoughApatient/proxyAmayArequestAcareAinAexcessAofAwhatAisAconsideredAgoodAmedicine,Ai
ndividualAautonomyAshouldAnotAviolateAtheAprincipleAofAbeneficenceAandAforceAphysiciansAtoAg
oAbeyondAappropriateAmedicalAintervention.
•AAutonomyAceasesAwhenAaApatient'sArequestAbreaksAtheAlawAorAjeopardizesApublicAhealthAorA
safetyA(eg,AsmokingAinAone'sAroomAinAaALTCAfacility).