FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND
SKILLS FOR NURSING EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
supine - Answer-Back .. used for spinal surgeries and after some spinal anesthetics.
side lying/ lateral position - Answer-patients rest on their side.
-alleviates pressure from bony prominences on back
-relieves pressure from dependant shoulder and hip.
Dorsal recumbent - Answer-on back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the
bed. used for a variety of procedures and and exams
Dorsal lithotomy - Answer-used for examining the pelvic organs. feet are place in
stirrups and legs are spread farther apart an abducted. patients with arthritis and
joint problems may have difficulty with this position.
Sims position - Answer-side lying where weight is distributed over the anterior
ilium ,humerus, and clavicle. patients left arm behind her, and draw right knee and
thigh above the left lower leg. tilt chest and abdomen forward.. used for rectal
exams, admin enemas, suppositories or for an unconscious patient
prone position - Answer-face down. used fro prolonged bed rest or immobilized
patients. Spinal cord injury patients often use this position.if not spinal cord injury
they may turn their head to the side.
Knee chest - Answer-prone position with head to the side and knees brought up
towards chest with bottom in the air. used for rectal exams and to help restore uterus
to normal position.
fowler to side lying - Answer-lower the head board back to flat position. move patient
to far side of the bed. start with head,and torso. and than move the feet to align up
with rest of body. stand on side you are turning them to . flex the patients far knee
across the near thigh. raise arm above head. place one hand on hip and one hand
on far shoulder and roll patient with smooth motion.
dangle/dangling - Answer--patient dangles feet off the bed in sitting postion. feet can
touch floor or be placed on stool.
-used before being placed in chair or to ambulate.
-is used to gradually accustom body to the postion change.
-access patients balcance and monitor for any hypotension, dizziness or nausea.
-only dangle for a few minutes and lay patient back down if they have any of the
above symptoms.
, Passive range of motion - Answer-performed on patient who cannot actively
move.patient cannot contract muscles so muscle strengthening cannot be
accomplished.
-all muscles over joint are maximally stretched to achieve flexibility.
- accomplished by moving muscles to the point of slight resistance but not beyond.
-support limb to be exercised above and below the joint.
Range of Motion - Answer-used for patient who independently performs activities of
daily living But is immobilized or limited in activity or is unable to move one extremity
due to injury or surgery. done at least two times a day with 3 to 5 times at a time.
prevention of pressure ulcers - Answer-observe color of skin carefully and frequently.
skin that is red blue or mottled indicates impaired circulation.
-change patients position every 2 hours when in bed using a written schedule.
-keep heels of the totally immobile patient off the bed. use pressure relieving devices
on the bed
- avoid positioning patient directly on trochanter- use oblique side lying position with
wedges
pressure ulcers preventatives continued - Answer--minimize friction and shear forces
by using proper positioning, transferring, and turning techniques. -the use of corn
starch, creams,protective films, dressings, and padding reduces friction.
-pressure reducing device, foam pad, pressure reducing mattress, low friction
sheets, or alternating pressure pad.
-reposition when in chair at least once per hour. or return to bed after one hr.
encourage self weight shifting every 15 minutes.
continued prevantatives pressure ulcers - Answer--restore circulation to a deprived
area by rubbing around red area. use circular outward motion.
-do not massage reddened skin or bony prominences
-avoid briefs unless patient has diarrhea or leaving facility. wash and dry patient
promptly
-avoid mechanical or physical injury from improperly fitting splints, braces, casts and
prostheses.
-avoid burns with hot water bottles, ice bags,heating pads and heat lamps
- provide adequate nutrition and fluid intake
what is the purpose of bathing? - Answer-1. cleanse the skin
2. promote comfort
3.stimulate circulation
4. remove waste products secreted through skin
bath temp - Answer-should be 105 degrees when water cools replace it.
Elder care points - Answer--because of decreased sweat and sebaceous gland a full
bath is not needed every day. consider their preference
- because of thicker skin and decreased subcutaneous fat, chilling is more likely
during bath. Prevent by warming bath area and provide draping.
SKILLS FOR NURSING EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
supine - Answer-Back .. used for spinal surgeries and after some spinal anesthetics.
side lying/ lateral position - Answer-patients rest on their side.
-alleviates pressure from bony prominences on back
-relieves pressure from dependant shoulder and hip.
Dorsal recumbent - Answer-on back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the
bed. used for a variety of procedures and and exams
Dorsal lithotomy - Answer-used for examining the pelvic organs. feet are place in
stirrups and legs are spread farther apart an abducted. patients with arthritis and
joint problems may have difficulty with this position.
Sims position - Answer-side lying where weight is distributed over the anterior
ilium ,humerus, and clavicle. patients left arm behind her, and draw right knee and
thigh above the left lower leg. tilt chest and abdomen forward.. used for rectal
exams, admin enemas, suppositories or for an unconscious patient
prone position - Answer-face down. used fro prolonged bed rest or immobilized
patients. Spinal cord injury patients often use this position.if not spinal cord injury
they may turn their head to the side.
Knee chest - Answer-prone position with head to the side and knees brought up
towards chest with bottom in the air. used for rectal exams and to help restore uterus
to normal position.
fowler to side lying - Answer-lower the head board back to flat position. move patient
to far side of the bed. start with head,and torso. and than move the feet to align up
with rest of body. stand on side you are turning them to . flex the patients far knee
across the near thigh. raise arm above head. place one hand on hip and one hand
on far shoulder and roll patient with smooth motion.
dangle/dangling - Answer--patient dangles feet off the bed in sitting postion. feet can
touch floor or be placed on stool.
-used before being placed in chair or to ambulate.
-is used to gradually accustom body to the postion change.
-access patients balcance and monitor for any hypotension, dizziness or nausea.
-only dangle for a few minutes and lay patient back down if they have any of the
above symptoms.
, Passive range of motion - Answer-performed on patient who cannot actively
move.patient cannot contract muscles so muscle strengthening cannot be
accomplished.
-all muscles over joint are maximally stretched to achieve flexibility.
- accomplished by moving muscles to the point of slight resistance but not beyond.
-support limb to be exercised above and below the joint.
Range of Motion - Answer-used for patient who independently performs activities of
daily living But is immobilized or limited in activity or is unable to move one extremity
due to injury or surgery. done at least two times a day with 3 to 5 times at a time.
prevention of pressure ulcers - Answer-observe color of skin carefully and frequently.
skin that is red blue or mottled indicates impaired circulation.
-change patients position every 2 hours when in bed using a written schedule.
-keep heels of the totally immobile patient off the bed. use pressure relieving devices
on the bed
- avoid positioning patient directly on trochanter- use oblique side lying position with
wedges
pressure ulcers preventatives continued - Answer--minimize friction and shear forces
by using proper positioning, transferring, and turning techniques. -the use of corn
starch, creams,protective films, dressings, and padding reduces friction.
-pressure reducing device, foam pad, pressure reducing mattress, low friction
sheets, or alternating pressure pad.
-reposition when in chair at least once per hour. or return to bed after one hr.
encourage self weight shifting every 15 minutes.
continued prevantatives pressure ulcers - Answer--restore circulation to a deprived
area by rubbing around red area. use circular outward motion.
-do not massage reddened skin or bony prominences
-avoid briefs unless patient has diarrhea or leaving facility. wash and dry patient
promptly
-avoid mechanical or physical injury from improperly fitting splints, braces, casts and
prostheses.
-avoid burns with hot water bottles, ice bags,heating pads and heat lamps
- provide adequate nutrition and fluid intake
what is the purpose of bathing? - Answer-1. cleanse the skin
2. promote comfort
3.stimulate circulation
4. remove waste products secreted through skin
bath temp - Answer-should be 105 degrees when water cools replace it.
Elder care points - Answer--because of decreased sweat and sebaceous gland a full
bath is not needed every day. consider their preference
- because of thicker skin and decreased subcutaneous fat, chilling is more likely
during bath. Prevent by warming bath area and provide draping.
