AP BIO- ENZYMES AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

AP BIO- ENZYMES AND GIBBS FREE
ENERGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2nd law of thermodynamics - ANSWER-all chemical reactions results in an increase
in entropy of the universe

Entropy - ANSWER-measure of the amount of chaos in a system

Heterotroph - ANSWER-gain energy(matter) from consuming other living things
-ex. omnivores, carnivores, herbivores

-hetero=mixed
-trophs=food

Photoautotrophs - ANSWER-capture energy from sunlight and convert it into high
energy bonds (photosynthesis)

-photo=light energy
-auto=self
-trophs=food

potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy

kinetic energy - ANSWER-energy in use

Gibbs free energy - ANSWER-measure of energy available in a system

GFE equation explained - ANSWER-ΔG = Δ H − T Δ S

ΔG= gibbs free energy
ΔH=enthalpy (cal)
T=temp (Kelvin= 273 +C)
ΔS=entropy (K/cal)

Enthaply - ANSWER-energy released from the breaking of bonds and needed to
form new ones

-(+) ΔH= requires energy- makes ΔG positive
-(-) ΔH= more energy in products than reactants (extra energy)- makes ΔG negative

-ΔG - ANSWER--spontaneous
-exothermic= releases energy
*for life to exist you want a net -ΔG

(+) ΔG - ANSWER--nonspontaneous
-endothermic=takes in energy
*requires energy to occur
*making something