Basic Clinical Pharmacology
1. 3 Important measures that determine overall drug Bioavailability -- Correct Answer --
Rate of Absorption, Peak drug concentration, Area under the curve (AUC)
2. 3 Principal components of Clinical Pharmacology? -- Correct Answer --
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Delivery System
3. 4 Processes that comprise pharmacokinetic handling of a drug by the body -- Correct
Answer --Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
All 4 processes occur simultaneously
4. A drug substance is used to... -- Correct Answer --TREAT disease, RELIEVE symptoms
of disease, or CURE the disease
5. a.a -- Correct Answer --of each
6. a.c. -- Correct Answer --before meals
7. Absorption -- Correct Answer --The transfer of a drug from the site of administration into
the bloodstream.
Rate of absorption plays an important role in determining the amount of drug in the
blood, or its effectiveness
8. Active Metabolites -- Correct Answer --Have biological effects that may be similar to or
different from those of the parent drug
If a drug is metabolized to an active metabolite, drug effects may persist despite the
complete metabolism of the parent drug
9. ad. Lib. -- Correct Answer --freely
,10. Additive Effect * -- Correct Answer --When two drugs produce combined clinical effect
that is equal to the sum of their individual effects
11. Adverse Drug Effect -- Correct Answer --Any undesired drug effect
-Nuisance effects may be called side effects
12. Adverse Reaction Section of PI* -- Correct Answer --Describes the most common
adverse effects of the drug
-categorized by the organ system effected and are listed in either decreasing order of
frequency or decreasing order of severity (most to least severe)
13. Aerosol -- Correct Answer --Soluble drug particles suspended in air
14. Antagonism* -- Correct Answer --One drug reduces the effectiveness of another drug
-This occurs when two drugs are in competition for the same receptor sites
15. Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd) -- Correct Answer --The degree to which a drug is
distributed in the body tissue.
-Indicates the extent to which a drug leaves the blood stream and penetrates tissue
-Large Vd = Greatly penetrated tissue
-Small Vd= Remains largely in the blood stream
16. Area Under the Curve (AUC) -- Correct Answer --Reflects the total amount of drug
absorbed and is therefore a measure of the extent of drug absorption
17. b.i.d. -- Correct Answer --twice a day
18. Barriers of Drug Distribution -- Correct Answer --Blood Brain Barrier
-Protective layer of the vessels serving the CNS
-HIGHLY lipid soluble drugs are more able to penetrate the blood brain barrier
, Placenta Barrier
-Layer of placental cells separating a mothers blood from a fetus' blood
-HIGHLY lipid soluble can penetrate this barrier
-Placenta is organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to a developing embryo during pregnancy
19. Bioavailability -- Correct Answer --The rate and extent of drug absorption
-reflects the proportion of an administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation
-Highly bioavailable drug is one that a high portion of drug reaches the blood
-Poor bioavailability may fail to achieve a full therapeutic effect
-Factors that may effect bioavailability-drug formulation, route of admin. first pass effect.
20. Bioequivalent -- Correct Answer --Having statistically equivalent bioavailability
-If two formulations of the same drug are equally bioavailable they are Bioequivalent
-No statistically significant difference in their bio availabilities
21. Blood flow to tissue -- Correct Answer ---Blood stream is one of the best transportation
systems
-Once its absorbed in the blood stream it must be distributed to target tissues
-Some tissues receive more blood than others, so drugs will accumulate in highly
perfused organs at a much faster rate EX: High :Heart, Liver, Kidneys--Less: Muscles
and fat tissues
22. Buccal -- Correct Answer --placement of a drug between the gum and the side of the
mouth
23. c -- Correct Answer --with
1. 3 Important measures that determine overall drug Bioavailability -- Correct Answer --
Rate of Absorption, Peak drug concentration, Area under the curve (AUC)
2. 3 Principal components of Clinical Pharmacology? -- Correct Answer --
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Delivery System
3. 4 Processes that comprise pharmacokinetic handling of a drug by the body -- Correct
Answer --Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
All 4 processes occur simultaneously
4. A drug substance is used to... -- Correct Answer --TREAT disease, RELIEVE symptoms
of disease, or CURE the disease
5. a.a -- Correct Answer --of each
6. a.c. -- Correct Answer --before meals
7. Absorption -- Correct Answer --The transfer of a drug from the site of administration into
the bloodstream.
Rate of absorption plays an important role in determining the amount of drug in the
blood, or its effectiveness
8. Active Metabolites -- Correct Answer --Have biological effects that may be similar to or
different from those of the parent drug
If a drug is metabolized to an active metabolite, drug effects may persist despite the
complete metabolism of the parent drug
9. ad. Lib. -- Correct Answer --freely
,10. Additive Effect * -- Correct Answer --When two drugs produce combined clinical effect
that is equal to the sum of their individual effects
11. Adverse Drug Effect -- Correct Answer --Any undesired drug effect
-Nuisance effects may be called side effects
12. Adverse Reaction Section of PI* -- Correct Answer --Describes the most common
adverse effects of the drug
-categorized by the organ system effected and are listed in either decreasing order of
frequency or decreasing order of severity (most to least severe)
13. Aerosol -- Correct Answer --Soluble drug particles suspended in air
14. Antagonism* -- Correct Answer --One drug reduces the effectiveness of another drug
-This occurs when two drugs are in competition for the same receptor sites
15. Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd) -- Correct Answer --The degree to which a drug is
distributed in the body tissue.
-Indicates the extent to which a drug leaves the blood stream and penetrates tissue
-Large Vd = Greatly penetrated tissue
-Small Vd= Remains largely in the blood stream
16. Area Under the Curve (AUC) -- Correct Answer --Reflects the total amount of drug
absorbed and is therefore a measure of the extent of drug absorption
17. b.i.d. -- Correct Answer --twice a day
18. Barriers of Drug Distribution -- Correct Answer --Blood Brain Barrier
-Protective layer of the vessels serving the CNS
-HIGHLY lipid soluble drugs are more able to penetrate the blood brain barrier
, Placenta Barrier
-Layer of placental cells separating a mothers blood from a fetus' blood
-HIGHLY lipid soluble can penetrate this barrier
-Placenta is organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to a developing embryo during pregnancy
19. Bioavailability -- Correct Answer --The rate and extent of drug absorption
-reflects the proportion of an administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation
-Highly bioavailable drug is one that a high portion of drug reaches the blood
-Poor bioavailability may fail to achieve a full therapeutic effect
-Factors that may effect bioavailability-drug formulation, route of admin. first pass effect.
20. Bioequivalent -- Correct Answer --Having statistically equivalent bioavailability
-If two formulations of the same drug are equally bioavailable they are Bioequivalent
-No statistically significant difference in their bio availabilities
21. Blood flow to tissue -- Correct Answer ---Blood stream is one of the best transportation
systems
-Once its absorbed in the blood stream it must be distributed to target tissues
-Some tissues receive more blood than others, so drugs will accumulate in highly
perfused organs at a much faster rate EX: High :Heart, Liver, Kidneys--Less: Muscles
and fat tissues
22. Buccal -- Correct Answer --placement of a drug between the gum and the side of the
mouth
23. c -- Correct Answer --with
