BIOC 384 2024/2025 Exam Questions
and Answers | A+ Score Assured
What experiment did Eduard Buchner perform in the late 19th century
concerning yeast? What has this done for modern biochemistry? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Buchner used an in vitro reaction to show that brewer's
yeast can produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol from sugar. It introduced the idea
of enzymes which can increase the rate of chemical reactions in living
systems
What type of molecules are enzymes? Name the physiologic processes
that involve enzymes. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔most enzymes are proteins, though
sometimes they are RNA molecules. Enzymes catalyze reactions in
respiration, fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, energy conversion, and
programmed cell death.
Briefly describe the field of biochemistry and its goals. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Biochem is the study of biological processes at the molecular and
cellular level Its goal is to understand the structure and function of
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,biological molecules using hypothesis-driven experiments designed to
answer specific questions.
what are the 4 main types of biomolecules? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Amino acids,
nucleotides, simple sugars, and fatty acids
What are the 7 levels of biochemical hierarchy in increasing order of
complexity? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔elements, functional groups, biomolecules,
biopolymers, metabolism, cells, organisms, and ecosystems
what element must a molecule contain to be considered organic? Why is
this element so critical to the formation of organisms? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔it
must have at least one carbon atom. carbon can make up to four covalent
bonds, and provide stable backbones for complex organic molecules
name four important functions of nucleotides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔energy
conversion, coenzymes, information storage, and signaling
what are the 3 basic parts of nucelotides? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a nitrogenous
base, a five-carbon robose/deoxyribose sugar, and one to three phosphate
groups
what is base stacking and how does it contribute to the stability of the DNA
helix? What other factors helps to stabilize this helix? - 🧠ANSWER
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,✔✔base stacking involves noncovalent aromatic ring interactions between
adjacent nitrogenous bases of the DNA helix. Hydrogen bonding between
complementary base pairs also stabilizes the DNA helix.
identify 3 types of RNA and describe their functions - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔mRNA: is the template for protein synthesis
snRNA: has a role in RNA processing
miRNA: regulates translation
rRNA: is a component of ribosomes
tRNA: provides AA to the ribosime for translation
explain how DNA mutations can have deleterious effects - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔mutations in a gene can change codons in the mRNA transcript, which
lead to changes in the AAs incorporated into protein. Changes in AA
sequence can lead to protein denaturation or loss of function, which could
affect function of biochemical pathways and even lead to disease or death
explain why gene duplication is evolutionarily important - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔gene duplication might lead to evolutionary change, for ex if doubling
the amount of gene product (protein) increases fitness for an organism,
then the duplicate copy would be maintained. if there was no fitness
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, advantage from doubling the amount of product, the duplicated gene could
be mutated and possibly confer new fitness advantages or be lost by
natural selection if it conferred deleterious qualities
write out the chemical rxns in fermentation that are responsible for (a)
carbonation in beer and (b) the ethanol in vodka; include the names of the
enzymes required. (c) is acetaldehyde a reactant or produce in these rxns?
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(a) pyruvate --> acetaldehyde + CO2
(b) acetaldehyde + NADH + H --> ethanol + NAD
(c) acetaldehyde is a product in (a) and a reactant in (b)
describe 3 things that Buchner did differently from Pasteur that are thought
to have contributed to his success - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Buchner (1) used a
different strain of yeast, (2) prepared the yeast extract using quartz mixed
with diatomaceous earth rather than glass, (3) his extract buffer contained
glucose - the Carbon source for fermentation
calculate the total number of possible dodecanucleotides that can be
synthesized using the four nucleotides found in RNA. What is the maximum
number of peptide sequences that can be encoded by this collection of
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Answers | A+ Score Assured
What experiment did Eduard Buchner perform in the late 19th century
concerning yeast? What has this done for modern biochemistry? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Buchner used an in vitro reaction to show that brewer's
yeast can produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol from sugar. It introduced the idea
of enzymes which can increase the rate of chemical reactions in living
systems
What type of molecules are enzymes? Name the physiologic processes
that involve enzymes. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔most enzymes are proteins, though
sometimes they are RNA molecules. Enzymes catalyze reactions in
respiration, fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, energy conversion, and
programmed cell death.
Briefly describe the field of biochemistry and its goals. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Biochem is the study of biological processes at the molecular and
cellular level Its goal is to understand the structure and function of
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,biological molecules using hypothesis-driven experiments designed to
answer specific questions.
what are the 4 main types of biomolecules? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Amino acids,
nucleotides, simple sugars, and fatty acids
What are the 7 levels of biochemical hierarchy in increasing order of
complexity? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔elements, functional groups, biomolecules,
biopolymers, metabolism, cells, organisms, and ecosystems
what element must a molecule contain to be considered organic? Why is
this element so critical to the formation of organisms? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔it
must have at least one carbon atom. carbon can make up to four covalent
bonds, and provide stable backbones for complex organic molecules
name four important functions of nucleotides - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔energy
conversion, coenzymes, information storage, and signaling
what are the 3 basic parts of nucelotides? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a nitrogenous
base, a five-carbon robose/deoxyribose sugar, and one to three phosphate
groups
what is base stacking and how does it contribute to the stability of the DNA
helix? What other factors helps to stabilize this helix? - 🧠ANSWER
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,✔✔base stacking involves noncovalent aromatic ring interactions between
adjacent nitrogenous bases of the DNA helix. Hydrogen bonding between
complementary base pairs also stabilizes the DNA helix.
identify 3 types of RNA and describe their functions - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔mRNA: is the template for protein synthesis
snRNA: has a role in RNA processing
miRNA: regulates translation
rRNA: is a component of ribosomes
tRNA: provides AA to the ribosime for translation
explain how DNA mutations can have deleterious effects - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔mutations in a gene can change codons in the mRNA transcript, which
lead to changes in the AAs incorporated into protein. Changes in AA
sequence can lead to protein denaturation or loss of function, which could
affect function of biochemical pathways and even lead to disease or death
explain why gene duplication is evolutionarily important - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔gene duplication might lead to evolutionary change, for ex if doubling
the amount of gene product (protein) increases fitness for an organism,
then the duplicate copy would be maintained. if there was no fitness
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, advantage from doubling the amount of product, the duplicated gene could
be mutated and possibly confer new fitness advantages or be lost by
natural selection if it conferred deleterious qualities
write out the chemical rxns in fermentation that are responsible for (a)
carbonation in beer and (b) the ethanol in vodka; include the names of the
enzymes required. (c) is acetaldehyde a reactant or produce in these rxns?
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(a) pyruvate --> acetaldehyde + CO2
(b) acetaldehyde + NADH + H --> ethanol + NAD
(c) acetaldehyde is a product in (a) and a reactant in (b)
describe 3 things that Buchner did differently from Pasteur that are thought
to have contributed to his success - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Buchner (1) used a
different strain of yeast, (2) prepared the yeast extract using quartz mixed
with diatomaceous earth rather than glass, (3) his extract buffer contained
glucose - the Carbon source for fermentation
calculate the total number of possible dodecanucleotides that can be
synthesized using the four nucleotides found in RNA. What is the maximum
number of peptide sequences that can be encoded by this collection of
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
