APEA 3P Pathophysiology – Cardiovascular
Questions and Answers 2025
Bacterialaendocarditisa-acorrectaanswers-
aabacterialainflammationathataaffectsatheaendocardiumaoratheaheartavalvesa-
abacteriaaattachesatoadiseasedaendocardiumaoraheartavalves
Highamortality
S/safever,Achills,anewaonsetamurmur,Aanorexia,Aweightloss,asplinterahemorrhages,apetechi
aeaonapalate,aosleranodes,ajanewayalesions,arothaspots
Commonlyacausedabyastreptococci,Astaphylococci,aenterococcia
Risks:acardiacafactorsa(valvularaabnormalities),aunderlyingaconditionsa(ivadrugause,Aimmun
osuppression,aindwellingacardiacadevice),aartificialaheartavalves,arecentadental/surgicalapro
cedure,A>a60y/o
Diagnostics:A*TTE*,abloodacultures,acareactiveaproteinatoashowainflammation
Tx:abroadaspectrumaabxauntilabacterialaisaknown,aantifungalaasaneeded
Education:aprophylacticaabxaprioratoadentalaprocedurea(extraction),agoodaoralahygiene
Txaplan:
-referatoaedaforaivaabx
-consultacardiology,ainfectiousadisease
-bloodaculturesaandatte
-CBCA(elevatedawbc),aerythrocyteasedimentationaratea(elevateda>20mm/hr)
-
antimicrobialatherapy,amonitoringavalveafunction,aassessingasourceaofainfection,aidentifying
acandidatesaforasurgery,apreventingareoccurringaendocarditis
-parenteralaantibacterialatreatmentacanabea4-6Aweeks
Osleranodesa-acorrectaanswers-
painfulaerythematousanodulesaonatheapadsaofatheafingersaandatoes
Associatedawithabacterialaendocarditis
Janewayalesiona-acorrectaanswers-
palmaraoraplantaraerythematousaorahemorrhagicapapule(s)aassociatedawithainfectiveaendoc
arditis;aalsoaassociatedawithaosler'sanodes
Rothaspotsa-acorrectaanswers-roundawhiteaspotsaonaretinaasurroundedabyahemorrhage
Associatedawithabacterialaendocarditis
Questions and Answers 2025
Bacterialaendocarditisa-acorrectaanswers-
aabacterialainflammationathataaffectsatheaendocardiumaoratheaheartavalvesa-
abacteriaaattachesatoadiseasedaendocardiumaoraheartavalves
Highamortality
S/safever,Achills,anewaonsetamurmur,Aanorexia,Aweightloss,asplinterahemorrhages,apetechi
aeaonapalate,aosleranodes,ajanewayalesions,arothaspots
Commonlyacausedabyastreptococci,Astaphylococci,aenterococcia
Risks:acardiacafactorsa(valvularaabnormalities),aunderlyingaconditionsa(ivadrugause,Aimmun
osuppression,aindwellingacardiacadevice),aartificialaheartavalves,arecentadental/surgicalapro
cedure,A>a60y/o
Diagnostics:A*TTE*,abloodacultures,acareactiveaproteinatoashowainflammation
Tx:abroadaspectrumaabxauntilabacterialaisaknown,aantifungalaasaneeded
Education:aprophylacticaabxaprioratoadentalaprocedurea(extraction),agoodaoralahygiene
Txaplan:
-referatoaedaforaivaabx
-consultacardiology,ainfectiousadisease
-bloodaculturesaandatte
-CBCA(elevatedawbc),aerythrocyteasedimentationaratea(elevateda>20mm/hr)
-
antimicrobialatherapy,amonitoringavalveafunction,aassessingasourceaofainfection,aidentifying
acandidatesaforasurgery,apreventingareoccurringaendocarditis
-parenteralaantibacterialatreatmentacanabea4-6Aweeks
Osleranodesa-acorrectaanswers-
painfulaerythematousanodulesaonatheapadsaofatheafingersaandatoes
Associatedawithabacterialaendocarditis
Janewayalesiona-acorrectaanswers-
palmaraoraplantaraerythematousaorahemorrhagicapapule(s)aassociatedawithainfectiveaendoc
arditis;aalsoaassociatedawithaosler'sanodes
Rothaspotsa-acorrectaanswers-roundawhiteaspotsaonaretinaasurroundedabyahemorrhage
Associatedawithabacterialaendocarditis
