BIO 272 Exam 1 with 100% Accurate
Answers
Central Dogma - Correct Answers -DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
proteins carry out cellular processes necessary for life!
Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answers -protists, fungi, plants, animals
linear DNA genome in nucleus
RNA synthesized in nucleus and translated in cytoplasm
complex cytoskeleton
mitosis and meiosis
unicellular and multicellular
Prokaryotic cells - Correct Answers -bacteria, archaea, cyanobacteria
few/no organelles
circular DNA in cytoplasm
RNA and proteins synthesized in cytoplasm
simple cytoskeleton
binary fission
mainly unicellular
Hypothesis for eukaryote origins - Correct Answers -archaea cells that became
eukaryotes were either "predator cells" or formed "symbiotic interactions" with other
bacterial cells
elaborate plasma membrane interactions eventually led to engulfment of other cells
endosymbiotic theory - Correct Answers -Ancestors of mitochondria and plastids was
prokaryotes that
came to live in a host cell
dephosphorylation - Correct Answers -removal of a phosphate group catalyzed by
protein phosphatases
binding and hydrolysis of GTP - Correct Answers -the bound GTP is hydrolyzed into
GDP and Pi, releasing energy and causing the protein to return to its inactive state
lipid bilayer - Correct Answers -selective barrier-hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Phospholipids - Correct Answers -diacylglyceride core and a polar head group
, cholesterol - Correct Answers -sterol based, polar groups typically very small
Multicellularity - Correct Answers -eukaryotes organize into multicellular organisms
cells in these organisms differentiate to perform specialized functions
cell differentiation - Correct Answers -the process by which a cell becomes specialized
for a specific structure or function
totipotent - Correct Answers -Stem cells with the potential to differentiate into any type
of cell.
pluripotent - Correct Answers -Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all,
of the body's cell types
What is transmission light microscopy? - Correct Answers -A type of microscopy where
light passes through a transparent specimen to the observer's eye
What is the resolution limit of transmission light microscopy? - Correct Answers -Around
200 nm (0.2 µm)
What is fluorescence light microscopy? - Correct Answers -A type of light microscopy
that uses a fluorescent substance to emit light after being excited by a specific
wavelength of light.
What is the typical wavelength used in fluorescence light microscopy? - Correct
Answers -Around 200 nm (0.2 um).
transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -a beam of electrons is transmitted
through a biological sample
images formed as electrons are either absorbed by hitting cellular structures or pass
through sample
What is the resolution of transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -0.2 nm
scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -A process that utilizes an electron
beam to produce an image of the three-dimensional surface of biological samples; the
sample is coated with a thin layer of a heavy metal such as gold or palladium and then
exposed to an electron beam
What is the resolution of scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -0.5-4 nm
nucleus - Correct Answers -~10 um in diameter
holds genomic DNA
transport of macromolecules
Answers
Central Dogma - Correct Answers -DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
proteins carry out cellular processes necessary for life!
Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answers -protists, fungi, plants, animals
linear DNA genome in nucleus
RNA synthesized in nucleus and translated in cytoplasm
complex cytoskeleton
mitosis and meiosis
unicellular and multicellular
Prokaryotic cells - Correct Answers -bacteria, archaea, cyanobacteria
few/no organelles
circular DNA in cytoplasm
RNA and proteins synthesized in cytoplasm
simple cytoskeleton
binary fission
mainly unicellular
Hypothesis for eukaryote origins - Correct Answers -archaea cells that became
eukaryotes were either "predator cells" or formed "symbiotic interactions" with other
bacterial cells
elaborate plasma membrane interactions eventually led to engulfment of other cells
endosymbiotic theory - Correct Answers -Ancestors of mitochondria and plastids was
prokaryotes that
came to live in a host cell
dephosphorylation - Correct Answers -removal of a phosphate group catalyzed by
protein phosphatases
binding and hydrolysis of GTP - Correct Answers -the bound GTP is hydrolyzed into
GDP and Pi, releasing energy and causing the protein to return to its inactive state
lipid bilayer - Correct Answers -selective barrier-hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Phospholipids - Correct Answers -diacylglyceride core and a polar head group
, cholesterol - Correct Answers -sterol based, polar groups typically very small
Multicellularity - Correct Answers -eukaryotes organize into multicellular organisms
cells in these organisms differentiate to perform specialized functions
cell differentiation - Correct Answers -the process by which a cell becomes specialized
for a specific structure or function
totipotent - Correct Answers -Stem cells with the potential to differentiate into any type
of cell.
pluripotent - Correct Answers -Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all,
of the body's cell types
What is transmission light microscopy? - Correct Answers -A type of microscopy where
light passes through a transparent specimen to the observer's eye
What is the resolution limit of transmission light microscopy? - Correct Answers -Around
200 nm (0.2 µm)
What is fluorescence light microscopy? - Correct Answers -A type of light microscopy
that uses a fluorescent substance to emit light after being excited by a specific
wavelength of light.
What is the typical wavelength used in fluorescence light microscopy? - Correct
Answers -Around 200 nm (0.2 um).
transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -a beam of electrons is transmitted
through a biological sample
images formed as electrons are either absorbed by hitting cellular structures or pass
through sample
What is the resolution of transmission electron microscopy - Correct Answers -0.2 nm
scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -A process that utilizes an electron
beam to produce an image of the three-dimensional surface of biological samples; the
sample is coated with a thin layer of a heavy metal such as gold or palladium and then
exposed to an electron beam
What is the resolution of scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers -0.5-4 nm
nucleus - Correct Answers -~10 um in diameter
holds genomic DNA
transport of macromolecules
