BIO 272 Exam #3 Questions with
Accurate solutions
functions of the lymphatic system - Correct Answers -1. to return interstitial fluid back to
the subclavian veins at the base of the neck
2. the lymph nodes filter the lymph of cellular debris, pathogens, and cancer cells
3. contains B and T- lymphocytes and macrophages that are essential for immunity.
4. transports lipids absorbed from the small intestine to the veins at the base of the neck
what does lymph look like - Correct Answers -clear, colorless, fluid similar to the plasma
low in protein
flow of lymph - Correct Answers -lymphatic capillaries (dead end vessels that originate
in the interstitial fluid compartment) -->
collecting vessels (afferent lymphatics) -->
lymphatic trunk (drain lymph from large body regions like the head, arms, thorax) -->
collecting ducts (right lymphatic and thoracic duct) -->
subclavian veins (lymph is returned to the blood)
diffuse lymphatic tissue - Correct Answers -scattered, poorly organized lymphocytes
and macrophages that are associated with the skin, mucous membranes and
connective tissues of organs and tissues throughout the body.
cells are usually scattered within the areolar connective tissue
this is the simplest form of MALT
(BASICALLY scattered, moving around no problem)
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) - Correct Answers -accumulations of
lymphocytes that are associated with mucosa of organs of the respiratory, digestive,
urinary and reproductive systems
, in some organs, these lymphocytes organize and form masses lymphatic nodules (Ex:
Peyer patches of ileum)
types of MALT - Correct Answers -- diffuse lymphatic
- lymphatic nodules
BALT + GALT - Correct Answers -bronchial associated lymphatic tissue
gut associated lymphatic tissue
How many lymph nodes are in the body? - Correct Answers -approx. 450
the following body regions contain numerous lymph nodes: - Correct Answers -- axilla
(located in the subcutaneous tissues of the arm, axilla, and along the thoracic wall)
- cervical (located behind the ear, along the mandible, and down the side of the neck)
- inguinal (groin)
- thoracic (along the trachea and where the trachea branches into the primary bronchi)
- abdominal/pelvic (along the abdominal aorta and along the iliac arteries respectively)
functions of lymph nodes - Correct Answers -1. lymphatic production
2. macrophages and other phagocytic cells remove and attack bacteria, viruses, cancer
cells, damaged cells, and cellular debris from the lymph
3. can produce cells and release various interleukins and cytokines that initiate an
immune response
structure of lymph nodes - Correct Answers -- usually elongated or bean-shaped
(usually less than 3 cm long)
- surrounded by fibrous capsule and internal extensions of the capsule called trabeculae
- interior of the node is composed of a network of reticular fibers (thin collagen fibers)
that contain macrophages (also called reticular cells) and B and T cells (lymphocytes)
- cortex: composed primarily of nodules. When fighting infection, nodules contain
germinal center (pale areas) that are the site of production of B lymphocytes (B cells)
- medulla: consists of loose spaces called medullary sinuses and medullary cords
composed of large aggregations of macrophages and reticular fibers.
- lymph flowing though the medulla enters the hilum, where am efferent lymphatic
vessel drain the filtered lymph from the lymph node
- macrophages are concentrated in the medulla, but are found throughout the lymph as
are all of the other cells.
Accurate solutions
functions of the lymphatic system - Correct Answers -1. to return interstitial fluid back to
the subclavian veins at the base of the neck
2. the lymph nodes filter the lymph of cellular debris, pathogens, and cancer cells
3. contains B and T- lymphocytes and macrophages that are essential for immunity.
4. transports lipids absorbed from the small intestine to the veins at the base of the neck
what does lymph look like - Correct Answers -clear, colorless, fluid similar to the plasma
low in protein
flow of lymph - Correct Answers -lymphatic capillaries (dead end vessels that originate
in the interstitial fluid compartment) -->
collecting vessels (afferent lymphatics) -->
lymphatic trunk (drain lymph from large body regions like the head, arms, thorax) -->
collecting ducts (right lymphatic and thoracic duct) -->
subclavian veins (lymph is returned to the blood)
diffuse lymphatic tissue - Correct Answers -scattered, poorly organized lymphocytes
and macrophages that are associated with the skin, mucous membranes and
connective tissues of organs and tissues throughout the body.
cells are usually scattered within the areolar connective tissue
this is the simplest form of MALT
(BASICALLY scattered, moving around no problem)
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) - Correct Answers -accumulations of
lymphocytes that are associated with mucosa of organs of the respiratory, digestive,
urinary and reproductive systems
, in some organs, these lymphocytes organize and form masses lymphatic nodules (Ex:
Peyer patches of ileum)
types of MALT - Correct Answers -- diffuse lymphatic
- lymphatic nodules
BALT + GALT - Correct Answers -bronchial associated lymphatic tissue
gut associated lymphatic tissue
How many lymph nodes are in the body? - Correct Answers -approx. 450
the following body regions contain numerous lymph nodes: - Correct Answers -- axilla
(located in the subcutaneous tissues of the arm, axilla, and along the thoracic wall)
- cervical (located behind the ear, along the mandible, and down the side of the neck)
- inguinal (groin)
- thoracic (along the trachea and where the trachea branches into the primary bronchi)
- abdominal/pelvic (along the abdominal aorta and along the iliac arteries respectively)
functions of lymph nodes - Correct Answers -1. lymphatic production
2. macrophages and other phagocytic cells remove and attack bacteria, viruses, cancer
cells, damaged cells, and cellular debris from the lymph
3. can produce cells and release various interleukins and cytokines that initiate an
immune response
structure of lymph nodes - Correct Answers -- usually elongated or bean-shaped
(usually less than 3 cm long)
- surrounded by fibrous capsule and internal extensions of the capsule called trabeculae
- interior of the node is composed of a network of reticular fibers (thin collagen fibers)
that contain macrophages (also called reticular cells) and B and T cells (lymphocytes)
- cortex: composed primarily of nodules. When fighting infection, nodules contain
germinal center (pale areas) that are the site of production of B lymphocytes (B cells)
- medulla: consists of loose spaces called medullary sinuses and medullary cords
composed of large aggregations of macrophages and reticular fibers.
- lymph flowing though the medulla enters the hilum, where am efferent lymphatic
vessel drain the filtered lymph from the lymph node
- macrophages are concentrated in the medulla, but are found throughout the lymph as
are all of the other cells.
