HSC 404 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
Choose the correct answer regarding case-control studies - Answers A case-control study is the most
efficient design for studying the health effects of rare diseases.
Cross-sectional studies are - Answers All of the above.
Suppose a case-control study is conducted among a group of women aged 30 years and older in order to
investigate the relationship between coffee drinking and osteoporosis. The following table represents
the results found. Calculate the odds ratio.
Coffee Drinker
Osteoporosis
(Cases)
(Controls)
Yes
140
120
No
50
90 - Answers 2.10
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis. - Answers SD
No SD
Meningitis
16
3
, No Meningitis
134
147
150
150
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis.
Use the appropriate statistic to measure the association between meningitis and SD. - Answers 5.85
Choose the incorrect answer regarding ecologic studies - Answers The level of exposure for each
individual in the unit being studied is well known.
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis.
Interpret your results. - Answers Cases are 5 times more likely than controls to be exposed to meningitis.
Meningitis is a risk factor for SD.
Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include - Answers Cohort studies
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of - Answers Low
prevalence
Choose the correct answer regarding study designs - Answers Controls are needed in a case-control
study to evaluate whether the frequency of a factor or past exposure among the cases is different from
that among comparable persons who do not have the disease under investigation.
An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is - Answers Collection and maintenance of data by
the federal government
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the
course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 500 single births occurring in a given
Choose the correct answer regarding case-control studies - Answers A case-control study is the most
efficient design for studying the health effects of rare diseases.
Cross-sectional studies are - Answers All of the above.
Suppose a case-control study is conducted among a group of women aged 30 years and older in order to
investigate the relationship between coffee drinking and osteoporosis. The following table represents
the results found. Calculate the odds ratio.
Coffee Drinker
Osteoporosis
(Cases)
(Controls)
Yes
140
120
No
50
90 - Answers 2.10
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis. - Answers SD
No SD
Meningitis
16
3
, No Meningitis
134
147
150
150
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis.
Use the appropriate statistic to measure the association between meningitis and SD. - Answers 5.85
Choose the incorrect answer regarding ecologic studies - Answers The level of exposure for each
individual in the unit being studied is well known.
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and disabling voice disorder. In a case-control study,
150 cases of SD were identified along with 150 controls. Of those with SD, 16 had previously
experienced meningitis. Of the controls, 3 had previously experienced meningitis.
Interpret your results. - Answers Cases are 5 times more likely than controls to be exposed to meningitis.
Meningitis is a risk factor for SD.
Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include - Answers Cohort studies
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of - Answers Low
prevalence
Choose the correct answer regarding study designs - Answers Controls are needed in a case-control
study to evaluate whether the frequency of a factor or past exposure among the cases is different from
that among comparable persons who do not have the disease under investigation.
An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is - Answers Collection and maintenance of data by
the federal government
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing
malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the
course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 500 single births occurring in a given
