test bank neonatal and pediatric respiratory care 5thedition brian k walsh

TESTBANK v




NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
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ATORY CARE v




5th Edition, Walsh
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TESTBANK v

,NeonatalvandvPediatricvRespiratoryvCare,v5thvEdition,vBrianvK.vWalshvTestvBank

TablevofvContents
Chapterv1.vFetalvLungvDevelopment
Chapterv2.vFetalvGasvExchangevandvCirculation
Chapterv3.vAntenatalvAssessmentvandvHigh-RiskvDelivery
Chapterv4.vExaminationvandvAssessmentvofvthevNeonatalvandvPediatricvPatient
Chapterv5.vPulmonaryvFunctionvTestingvandvBedsidevPulmonaryvMechanics
Chapterv6.vRadiographicvAssessment
Chapterv7.vPediatricvFlexiblevBronchoscopy
Chapterv8.vInvasivevBloodvGasvAnalysisvandvCardiovascularvMonitoring
Chapterv9.vNoninvasivevMonitoringvinvNeonatalvandvPediatricvCare
Chapterv10.vOxygenvAdministration
Chapterv11.vAerosolsvandvAdministrationvofvInhaledvMedications
Chapterv12.vAirwayvClearancevTechniquesvandvHyperinflationvTherapy
Chapterv13.vAirwayvManagement
Chapterv14.vSurfactantvReplacementvTherapy
Chapterv15.vNoninvasivevMechanicalvVentilationvandvContinuousvPositivevPressurevofvthevNeonate
Chapterv16.vNoninvasivevMechanicalvVentilationvofvthevInfantvandvChild
Chapterv17.vInvasivevMechanicalvVentilationvofvthevNeonatevandvPediatricvPatient
Chapterv18.vAdministrationvofvGasvMixtures
Chapterv19.vExtracorporealvMembranevOxygenation
Chapterv20.vPharmacology
Chapterv21.vThoracicvOrganvTransplantation
Chapterv22.vNeonatalvPulmonaryvDisorders
Chapterv23.vSurgicalvDisordersvinvChildhoodvthatvAffectvRespiratoryvCare
Chapterv24.vCongenitalvCardiacvDefects
Chapterv25.vPediatricvSleep-DisorderedvBreathing
Chapterv26.vPediatricvAirwayvDisordersvandvParenchymalvLungvDiseases
Chapterv27.vAsthma
Chapterv28.vCysticvFibrosis
Chapterv29.vAcutevRespiratoryvDistressvSyndrome
Chapterv30.vShock
Chapterv31.vPediatricvTrauma
Chapterv32.vDisordersvofvthevPleura
Chapterv33.vNeurologicalvandvNeuromuscularvDisorders
Chapterv34.vPediatricvEmergencies
Chapterv35.vHomevCarevofvthevPostpartumvFamily
Chapterv36.vQualityvandvSafety

,Chapterv1:vFetalvLungvDevelopment
Walsh:vNeonatalv&vPediatricvRespiratoryvCarev5thvEditionvTestvBankv(2020)

MULTIPLEvCHOICE

1. Whichvofvthevfollowingvphasesvofvhumanvlungvdevelopmentvisvcharacterizedvbyvthevformationvo
fvavcapillaryvnetworkvaroundvairwayvpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular

ANS:v D
Thevcanalicularvphasevfollowsvthevpseudoglandularvphase,vlastingvfromvapproximatelyv17vweek
svtov26vweeksvofvgestation.vThisvphasevisvsovnamedvbecausevofvthevappearancevofvvascularvchann
els,vorvcapillaries,vwhichvbeginvtovgrowvbyvformingvavcapillaryvnetworkvaroundvthevairvpassages
.vDuringvthevpseudoglandularvstage,vwhichvbeginsvatvdayv52vandvextendsvtovweekv16vofvgestatio
n,vthevairwayvsystemvsubdividesvextensivelyvandvthevconductingvairwayvsystemvdevelops,vendi
ngvwithvthevterminalvbronchioles.vThevsaccularvstagevofvdevelopment,vwhichvtakesvplacevfromv
weeksv29vtov36vofvgestation,visvcharacterizedvbyvthevdevelopmentvofvsacsvthatvlatervbecomevalve
oli.vDuringvthevsaccularvphase,vavtremendousvincreasevinvthevpotentialvgas-
vexchangingvsurfacevareavoccurs.vThevdistinctionvbetweenvthevsaccularvstagevandvthevalveolarvst


agevisvarbitrary.vThevalveolarvstagevstretchesvfromv39vweeksvofvgestationvtovterm.vThisvstagevisvr
epresentedvbyvthevestablishmentvofvalveoli.

REF:vpp.v 3-5

2. Regardingvpostnatalvlungvgrowth,vbyvapproximatelyvwhatvagevdovmostvofvthevalveolivthatvwillvb
evpresentvinvthevlungsvforvlifevdevelop?
a. 6vmonths
b. 1vyear
c. 1.5vyears
d. 2vyears

ANS:v C
Mostvofvthevpostnatalvformationvofvalveolivinvthevinfantvoccursvovervthevfirstv1.5vyearsvofvlife.vAt
v2vyearsvofvage,vthevnumbervofvalveolivvariesvsubstantiallyvamongvindividuals.vAfterv2vyearsvofvag


e,vmalesvhavevmorevalveolivthanvdovfemales.vAftervalveolarvmultiplicationvends,vthevalveolivcont
inuevtovincreasevinvsizevuntilvthoracicvgrowthvisvcompleted.

REF:vp.v6

3. Thevrespiratoryvtherapistvisvevaluatingvavnewbornvwithvmildvrespiratoryvdistressvduevtovtrachealvs
tenosis.vDuringvwhichvperiodvofvlungvdevelopmentvdidvthisvproblemvdevelop?

, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:v A
Thevinitialvstructuresvofvthevpulmonaryvtreevdevelopvduringvthevembryonalvstage.vErrorsvinvdeve
lopmentvduringvthisvtimevmayvresultvinvlaryngeal,vtracheal,vorvesophagealvatresiavorvstenosis.vPu
lmonaryvhypoplasia,vanvincompletevdevelopmentvofvthevlungsvcharacterizedvbyvanvabnormallyvl
owvnumbervand/orvsizevofvbronchopulmonaryvsegmentsvand/orvalveoli,vcanvdevelopvduringvthev
pseudoglandularvphase.vIfvthevfetusvisvbornvduringvthevcanalicularvphasev(i.e.,vprematurely),vsev
erevrespiratoryvdistressvcanvbevexpectedvbecausevthevinadequatelyvdevelopedvairways,valongvwit
hvinsufficientvandvimmaturevsurfactantvproductionvbyvalveolarvtypevIIvcells,vgivesvrisevtovthevco
nstellationvofvproblemsvknownvasvinfantvrespiratoryvdistressvsyndrome.

REF:v v p.v6

4. Whichvofvthevfollowingvmechanismsvisv(are)vresponsiblevforvthevpossiblevassociationvbetweenv
oligohydramniosvandvlungvhypoplasia?

I. Abnormalvcarbohydratevmetabolism
II. Mechanicalvrestrictionvofvthevchestvwall
III. Interferencevwithvfetalvbreathing
IV. Failurevtovproducevfetalvlungvliquid
a. IvandvIIIvonly
b. IIvandv IIIvonly
c. I,vII,vandvIVvonly
d. II,vIII,vandvIVvonly

ANS:v D
Oligohydramnios,vavreducedvquantityvofvamnioticvfluidvpresentvforvanvextendedvperiodvofvtime,v
withvorvwithoutvrenalvanomalies,visvassociatedvwithvlungvhypoplasia.vThevmechanismsvbyvwhichv
amnioticvfluidvvolumevinfluencesvlungvgrowthvremainvunclear.vPossiblevexplanationsvforvreduce
dvquantityvofvamnioticvfluidvincludevmechanicalvrestrictionvofvthevchestvwall,vinterferencevwithvf
etalvbreathing,vorvfailurevtovproducevfetalvlungvliquid.vThesevclinicalvandvexperimentalvobservati
onsvpossiblyvpointvtovavcommonvdenominator,vlungvstretch,vasvbeingvavmajorvgrowthvstimulant.

REF:vpp.v6-7

5. WhatvisvthevpurposevofvthevsubstancevsecretedvbyvthevtypevIIvpneumocyte?
a. Tovincreasevthevgasvexchangevsurfacevarea
b. Tovreducevsurfacevtension
c. Tovmaintainvlungvelasticity
d. Tovpreservevthevvolumevofvthevamnioticvfluid