Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins
and Insertions of Muscles
Gastrocnemius correct answersA: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle,
O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus correct answersA: plantarflexes and inverts foot
at ankle O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior correct answersA: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
at ankle O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior correct answersA: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at
ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface
of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus,
plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
metatarsal bones.
Popliteus correct answersA: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur
laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior
stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris correct answersA: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the
ankle, flexes the leg at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal
ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus correct answersA: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at
ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis correct answersA: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at
the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
, I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius correct answersA: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at
the ankle. O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus correct answersA: Extends distal phalanx of big
toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and
inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus correct answersA: Extends the lateral 4 toes.
Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface
of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to
insert on dorsal surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the
2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus correct answersAction:
Flexion of great
toe Plantar flexion
of foot Inversion of
foot Origin:
Fibula (posterior
shaft) Interosseous
membrane Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great
toe Comment:
Powerful muscle for
"push-off" of foot
during walking and
running
Flexor Digitorum
Longus correct
answersAction:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of
foot Inversion of
foot Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle
shaft) Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes
2-5 Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and
lumbrical (origin) muscles
Vastus Medialis correct answersA: Extends leg at knee and draws patella
medially. O: Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor
magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into
tibial tuberosity
and Insertions of Muscles
Gastrocnemius correct answersA: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle,
O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus correct answersA: plantarflexes and inverts foot
at ankle O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior correct answersA: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
at ankle O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior correct answersA: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at
ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface
of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus,
plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
metatarsal bones.
Popliteus correct answersA: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur
laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior
stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris correct answersA: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the
ankle, flexes the leg at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal
ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus correct answersA: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at
ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis correct answersA: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at
the ankle. Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
, I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius correct answersA: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at
the ankle. O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus correct answersA: Extends distal phalanx of big
toe. Continued action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and
inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus correct answersA: Extends the lateral 4 toes.
Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface
of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to
insert on dorsal surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the
2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus correct answersAction:
Flexion of great
toe Plantar flexion
of foot Inversion of
foot Origin:
Fibula (posterior
shaft) Interosseous
membrane Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great
toe Comment:
Powerful muscle for
"push-off" of foot
during walking and
running
Flexor Digitorum
Longus correct
answersAction:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of
foot Inversion of
foot Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle
shaft) Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes
2-5 Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and
lumbrical (origin) muscles
Vastus Medialis correct answersA: Extends leg at knee and draws patella
medially. O: Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor
magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into
tibial tuberosity
