BCH 401G Final Exam Questions And
Answers
____rbindsrtortheroriCrandrrecruitsr____r(helicase)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-DnaA;rDnaB
____risrarmorerpermanentrmodificationrofrDNArwhiler_____risrmorertemporaryr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-CRISPR;rRNAir(RNArinterference)
____risrarstartrcodonrthatrencodesrMetr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-AUG
____rofrtherproteinsrinrE.rcolirDNArreplicationrarerDNArpolymerases,rwhichrcatalyzerthersynt
hesisrofrnewrDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-five
_____rexonucleaseractivityrofrDNArpolymeraserisrnecessaryrforrproofreadingr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-3'r->r5'
_____rgenesrcanrberexpressedrinrprokaryotesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-eukaryotic
_____rpromotersrresultrinrmorerproductr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-strong
______rstrandsrofrDNArmovermorerquicklyronrgelrelectrophoresisr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
shorter,rsmaller
3rsteprcyclerofrPCRr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-denaturation,rannealing,rextension
5'rnucleotiderofrRNArreactsrwithr____rtorformrthercapr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-GTP
5'rresiduesronr5'rcaprarer_______r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-methylated
ar_____rpercentagerofrcellsrtakeruprtherDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-small
arbreakrinronerstrand;rhasrarfreer3'rhydroxylrandrarfreer5'rphosphorylr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-nick
arcircularrpiecerofrDNArreplicatedrbyrbacteriar-rCORRECTrrANSWER-vector
arcomplexrofrRNArandrprotein;rthersiterwherergeneticrinformationr(inrtherformrofrmRNA)risrtra
nslatedrintorproteinr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-ribosome
,arcompoundrthatrbindsrtorarreceptorrbutrdoesrnotrtriggerrsignalingreffectsr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-antagonist
arconservedrmoleculerwhoserlevelrgoesruprwhenrcellsrarerstarvedrofrglucoser(inrE.rcolirandri
nrsomersensesrinrhuman)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-cyclicrAMPr(cAMP)
arDNArerrorrcorrectionrmechanismr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
polymeraserexonucleaseractivity
arfamilyrofr~50rrelatedrproteins;rincludesrmajorrdrugrtargetsrlikerestrogenrreceptor,randroidrr
eceptor,rglucocorticoidrreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-nuclearrhormonerreceptors
argeneticrdisorderrcausedrbyrmutationsrinrnuclearrexcisionrrepairrsystemrinrhumansr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-xerodermarpigmentosum
argrouprofrenzymesrthatrgenerateraminoacyl-tRNAsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
aminoacylrtRNArsynthase
argrouprofrRNAsrthatrcarriesraminoracidsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-tRNA
arpairingrbetweenrtworbasesrinrRNArthatrdoesrnotrfollowrtherwatsonrcrickrbaserpairrrulesr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-wobblerbaserpair
arprocessrofrmutatingronerorrmorerbasisrinrDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
siterdirectedrmutagenesis
arproteinrthatrputsrtherslidingrclamprontorDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-clamprloader
arproteinrthatrsurroundsr(notrbind)rarDNArstrandrtorpromoterarcomplexraroundrtherDNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-slidingrclamp
arsequencercutrbyrarrestrictionrendonucleasertorallowrsiterspecificrinsertionrofrforeignrDNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-uniquercloningrsite
arseriesrofrproceduresrusedrtorrecombinerDNArsegmentsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
DNArrecombinantrtechnology
arsiterinrDNArwhererE.rcolirtranscriptionrregulatorrproteinsrbindr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
operatorr(O1randrO2)
arspecializedrRNArpolymeraser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-primase
arstrongrpromoterrisr_____rconsensusr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-average
arsubrpartrofrthernucleus,rarsiterofrribosomerbiosynthesisr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-nucleolus
,arthreerbasersequencerthatrbindsrtorarcomplementaryrcodonrinrmRNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-anticodonrarm
arweakrpromoterrisr_____rdivergentr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-more
AArbecomesrcovalentlyrattachedrtortRNAratrther3'rendrofrthisrstemr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
acceptorrstem
addracetylrgroupsrtorhistonesrtorallowrthemrtorcomeroffr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-coactivators
addingracetylrgroupsrtorAAsronrhistonesrdoesrwhat?r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
decreasesrthernetrpositivercharge.rweakeningrinteractionsrwithrtherDNArandrloosensrtherhig
herrorderrstructure
addingracetylrgroupsrtorhistonesrhaverthreerimportantrresults:r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
1.rreducedraffinityrofrhistonesrforrDNA
2.rtranscriptionrfactorsrinteractrwithrhistoneracetyl-lysines
3.racetyl-lysinerresiduesralsorbindrandrrecruitrchromatinrremodelingrproteins
4.rmovesrchromatinrawayrfromrtranscriptionrsite
addingrmutagenrtorDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-randomrmutagenesis
afterrokazakirfragmentrsynthesisrisrcomplete,rthererisrargaprbetweenrendrofr____randr____r-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-okazakirfragmentrandrRNArprimer
allrribosomesrcontainr_____rsubunitsrofrunequalrsizer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-two
allowrreplicationrofrtherendsrandrpreventrtherchromosomesrfromrbeingrshortenedrwithreachr
replicationrcycle;rallowsrwholerDNArstrandrtorbercopiedr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-telomeres
allowsrsomertRNArmoleculesrtorrecognizermorerthanronercodonr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
wobblerbaserpair
amplifiesrdesiredrregionsrofrDNAr(betweenrtworprimers)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
polymeraserchainrreactionr(PCR)
anr_____rNTrwillrnotrberheldrasrtightlyrinrtherDNArpolymerase'sractiversiter-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-incorrect
anrantagonistrselectiverforrestrogenrreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-tamoxifen
anrenzymerthatrunwindsrtherdoublerhelixrbyrbreakingrtherhydrogenrbondsrbetweenrthercom
plementaryrbasesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-DNArhelicase
, anrestrogenrreceptorrisrartyperofr________rreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
nuclearrhormone
anrexamplerofrarsinglerstrandedrnucleotiderexcisionrrepairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
nucleotiderexcisionrrepairrofrphotodimerizedrpyrimidinerinrhumans
anrexamplerofrsinglerstrandedrdirectrrepairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
photochemicalrdimerizationrofrpyrimidinerdimer
anrexceptionrtorcentralrdogmarwhenrRNArvirusesrencoderanrenzymercalledr______r-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-RNArdependentrRNArpolymerase
anrexcisionrendonucleaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-excinuclease
antibioticrthatrmimicsr3'rsiderofraa-
tRNA,rformsrcovalentrbondrtorthercarboxylicracidrendrofrpeptiderinrribosome,rreleasingrpre-
maturelyrterminatedrpeptide,rcellrwillrdier-rCORRECTrrANSWER-puromycin
approx.r_____rofrallrbacterialrproteinsrremainrformylatedr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-1/2
asrcellsrdivide,rthertelomeresr_____r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-shorten
assembledratrtherbeginningrofrthermRNArcodingrsequencer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
translationrcomplex
bacterialrmRNArthatrcanrsenserenvironmentalrsignalsrasrwellrasrencoderproteinsrhaver____
__r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-riboswitches
beforercellsrdivide,rerrorsrneedrtorbercorrectrorr_____r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
errorsrwillrberinherited
bindrandrkeeprtherDNArstrandsrunwoundrfromreachrotherrafterrtherhelicaserhasrseparatedrt
hemr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-singlerstrandrbindingrproteinr(SSB)
bindrsmallrmoleculesrthatrcauserarstructuralrchangerinrtherriboswitchrthatrterminatesrthersyn
thesisrofrthermRNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-riboswitches
bindrtorpreventrre-annealingrofrtherE.rcolirhelixr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-SSBP
bindsrtorsinglerstrandrregionsrtorpreventrthercomplementaryrstrandsrfromrreannealingr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-singlerstrandrbindingrproteinr(SSB)
biologicalrinformationrflowsrfromrDNArtorRNArtorproteinr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
centralrdogma
Answers
____rbindsrtortheroriCrandrrecruitsr____r(helicase)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-DnaA;rDnaB
____risrarmorerpermanentrmodificationrofrDNArwhiler_____risrmorertemporaryr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-CRISPR;rRNAir(RNArinterference)
____risrarstartrcodonrthatrencodesrMetr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-AUG
____rofrtherproteinsrinrE.rcolirDNArreplicationrarerDNArpolymerases,rwhichrcatalyzerthersynt
hesisrofrnewrDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-five
_____rexonucleaseractivityrofrDNArpolymeraserisrnecessaryrforrproofreadingr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-3'r->r5'
_____rgenesrcanrberexpressedrinrprokaryotesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-eukaryotic
_____rpromotersrresultrinrmorerproductr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-strong
______rstrandsrofrDNArmovermorerquicklyronrgelrelectrophoresisr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
shorter,rsmaller
3rsteprcyclerofrPCRr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-denaturation,rannealing,rextension
5'rnucleotiderofrRNArreactsrwithr____rtorformrthercapr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-GTP
5'rresiduesronr5'rcaprarer_______r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-methylated
ar_____rpercentagerofrcellsrtakeruprtherDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-small
arbreakrinronerstrand;rhasrarfreer3'rhydroxylrandrarfreer5'rphosphorylr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-nick
arcircularrpiecerofrDNArreplicatedrbyrbacteriar-rCORRECTrrANSWER-vector
arcomplexrofrRNArandrprotein;rthersiterwherergeneticrinformationr(inrtherformrofrmRNA)risrtra
nslatedrintorproteinr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-ribosome
,arcompoundrthatrbindsrtorarreceptorrbutrdoesrnotrtriggerrsignalingreffectsr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-antagonist
arconservedrmoleculerwhoserlevelrgoesruprwhenrcellsrarerstarvedrofrglucoser(inrE.rcolirandri
nrsomersensesrinrhuman)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-cyclicrAMPr(cAMP)
arDNArerrorrcorrectionrmechanismr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
polymeraserexonucleaseractivity
arfamilyrofr~50rrelatedrproteins;rincludesrmajorrdrugrtargetsrlikerestrogenrreceptor,randroidrr
eceptor,rglucocorticoidrreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-nuclearrhormonerreceptors
argeneticrdisorderrcausedrbyrmutationsrinrnuclearrexcisionrrepairrsystemrinrhumansr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-xerodermarpigmentosum
argrouprofrenzymesrthatrgenerateraminoacyl-tRNAsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
aminoacylrtRNArsynthase
argrouprofrRNAsrthatrcarriesraminoracidsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-tRNA
arpairingrbetweenrtworbasesrinrRNArthatrdoesrnotrfollowrtherwatsonrcrickrbaserpairrrulesr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-wobblerbaserpair
arprocessrofrmutatingronerorrmorerbasisrinrDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
siterdirectedrmutagenesis
arproteinrthatrputsrtherslidingrclamprontorDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-clamprloader
arproteinrthatrsurroundsr(notrbind)rarDNArstrandrtorpromoterarcomplexraroundrtherDNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-slidingrclamp
arsequencercutrbyrarrestrictionrendonucleasertorallowrsiterspecificrinsertionrofrforeignrDNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-uniquercloningrsite
arseriesrofrproceduresrusedrtorrecombinerDNArsegmentsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
DNArrecombinantrtechnology
arsiterinrDNArwhererE.rcolirtranscriptionrregulatorrproteinsrbindr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
operatorr(O1randrO2)
arspecializedrRNArpolymeraser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-primase
arstrongrpromoterrisr_____rconsensusr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-average
arsubrpartrofrthernucleus,rarsiterofrribosomerbiosynthesisr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-nucleolus
,arthreerbasersequencerthatrbindsrtorarcomplementaryrcodonrinrmRNAr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-anticodonrarm
arweakrpromoterrisr_____rdivergentr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-more
AArbecomesrcovalentlyrattachedrtortRNAratrther3'rendrofrthisrstemr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
acceptorrstem
addracetylrgroupsrtorhistonesrtorallowrthemrtorcomeroffr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-coactivators
addingracetylrgroupsrtorAAsronrhistonesrdoesrwhat?r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
decreasesrthernetrpositivercharge.rweakeningrinteractionsrwithrtherDNArandrloosensrtherhig
herrorderrstructure
addingracetylrgroupsrtorhistonesrhaverthreerimportantrresults:r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
1.rreducedraffinityrofrhistonesrforrDNA
2.rtranscriptionrfactorsrinteractrwithrhistoneracetyl-lysines
3.racetyl-lysinerresiduesralsorbindrandrrecruitrchromatinrremodelingrproteins
4.rmovesrchromatinrawayrfromrtranscriptionrsite
addingrmutagenrtorDNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-randomrmutagenesis
afterrokazakirfragmentrsynthesisrisrcomplete,rthererisrargaprbetweenrendrofr____randr____r-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-okazakirfragmentrandrRNArprimer
allrribosomesrcontainr_____rsubunitsrofrunequalrsizer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-two
allowrreplicationrofrtherendsrandrpreventrtherchromosomesrfromrbeingrshortenedrwithreachr
replicationrcycle;rallowsrwholerDNArstrandrtorbercopiedr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-telomeres
allowsrsomertRNArmoleculesrtorrecognizermorerthanronercodonr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
wobblerbaserpair
amplifiesrdesiredrregionsrofrDNAr(betweenrtworprimers)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
polymeraserchainrreactionr(PCR)
anr_____rNTrwillrnotrberheldrasrtightlyrinrtherDNArpolymerase'sractiversiter-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-incorrect
anrantagonistrselectiverforrestrogenrreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-tamoxifen
anrenzymerthatrunwindsrtherdoublerhelixrbyrbreakingrtherhydrogenrbondsrbetweenrthercom
plementaryrbasesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-DNArhelicase
, anrestrogenrreceptorrisrartyperofr________rreceptorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
nuclearrhormone
anrexamplerofrarsinglerstrandedrnucleotiderexcisionrrepairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
nucleotiderexcisionrrepairrofrphotodimerizedrpyrimidinerinrhumans
anrexamplerofrsinglerstrandedrdirectrrepairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
photochemicalrdimerizationrofrpyrimidinerdimer
anrexceptionrtorcentralrdogmarwhenrRNArvirusesrencoderanrenzymercalledr______r-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-RNArdependentrRNArpolymerase
anrexcisionrendonucleaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-excinuclease
antibioticrthatrmimicsr3'rsiderofraa-
tRNA,rformsrcovalentrbondrtorthercarboxylicracidrendrofrpeptiderinrribosome,rreleasingrpre-
maturelyrterminatedrpeptide,rcellrwillrdier-rCORRECTrrANSWER-puromycin
approx.r_____rofrallrbacterialrproteinsrremainrformylatedr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-1/2
asrcellsrdivide,rthertelomeresr_____r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-shorten
assembledratrtherbeginningrofrthermRNArcodingrsequencer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
translationrcomplex
bacterialrmRNArthatrcanrsenserenvironmentalrsignalsrasrwellrasrencoderproteinsrhaver____
__r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-riboswitches
beforercellsrdivide,rerrorsrneedrtorbercorrectrorr_____r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
errorsrwillrberinherited
bindrandrkeeprtherDNArstrandsrunwoundrfromreachrotherrafterrtherhelicaserhasrseparatedrt
hemr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-singlerstrandrbindingrproteinr(SSB)
bindrsmallrmoleculesrthatrcauserarstructuralrchangerinrtherriboswitchrthatrterminatesrthersyn
thesisrofrthermRNAr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-riboswitches
bindrtorpreventrre-annealingrofrtherE.rcolirhelixr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-SSBP
bindsrtorsinglerstrandrregionsrtorpreventrthercomplementaryrstrandsrfromrreannealingr-
rCORRECTrrANSWER-singlerstrandrbindingrproteinr(SSB)
biologicalrinformationrflowsrfromrDNArtorRNArtorproteinr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
centralrdogma
