Nutr 156- Exam 1 (With All Accurate
Answers - Graded A+)
EN - ANSWER - enteral nutrition by tube feeding methods
PN - ANSWER - parenteral nutrition
ONS - ANSWER - oral nutrition supplements
PO - ANSWER - per oral
Characteristics for diagnosing malnutrition (2 or more) - ANSWER - *Insufficient energy
intake
*Weight loss
*Loss of muscle mass
*Loss of subcutaneous fat
*Localized or generalized fluid accumulation that may sometimes mask weight loss
*Diminished functional status as measured by hand grip strength
Why is it important to recognize malnutrition in the acute care setting? - ANSWER -
"Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of pressure ulcers and impaired wound
healing, immune suppression and increased infection rate, muscle wasting and
functional loss increasing the risk of falls, longer length of hospital stay, higher
readmission...and mortality."
What is the difference between negative and positive acute phase respondents? -
ANSWER - *Negative ARP correlate with visceral proteins
*Positive ARP correlate with somatic proteins
APR - ANSWER - acute phase respondents
Attitudes (component 4 critical thinking) - ANSWER - • Attitudes
- Reflection of values
- Consider fairness and responsibility
Standards (component 5 critical thinking) - ANSWER - Standards
- Professional standards
• Code of Ethics
• Standards of Professional Performance • Outcomes research
Sarcopenia - ANSWER - The term is used specifically to denote loss of muscle mass
and strength associated with aging and distinguishes muscle loss of aging from other
causes such as immobility or neurological damage.
,Treatment for sarcopenia - ANSWER - -Resistance training and aerobic exercise
-Protein supplements and vit D optimization
-Androgens/selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)
-Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
-Ghrelin mimetics (Growth hormone secretagogues, GHS)
Cachexia - ANSWER - Cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterized
by severe body weight, fat and muscle loss due to an underlying illness. Typically, it is
associated with increased catabolism which cannot be reversed by mere nutritional
support.
There is no unanimous consensus for diagnosing cachexia.
Treatment for cachexia - ANSWER - -Exercise
-Protein increase of up to 1.5g/kg
-Appetite stimulants
-Androgen/SARMS
-Growth hormone
-Ghrelin and gherkin mimetics
-Anti-Inflammatory agents (NSAIDs, ω-3 fatty acids, thalidomide)
-Beta blockers
Assessment has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Client history
2. Food/nutrition history
3. Anthropometric measurements
4. Biochemical data
5. Nutrition focused physical findings
Diagnosis has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Intake
2. Clinical
3. Behavioral-Environmental
Intervention has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Food and/or
nutrient delivery
2. Nutrition education
3. Nutrition counseling
4. Coordination of nutrition care
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation has how many domains and what r they? -
ANSWER - 1. Food/Nutrition-Related History Outcomes
2. Anthropometric Measurement Outcomes
3. Biochemical Data, Medical Tests, and Procedure Outcomes
4. Nutrition-Focused Physical Finding Outcomes
PES statement - ANSWER - Problem
Etiology (root cause)
Signs and symptoms
, CRP (C-reactive protein) - ANSWER - Is a non-nutritional marker
Done with a blood test
Measures the state of inflammation
Visceral proteins - ANSWER - Serum albumin and pre-albumin
Somatic protein refers to? - ANSWER - skeletal muscle
Visceral protein refers to? - ANSWER - nonmuscular protein making up the organs,
structural components, erythrocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes, as well as other
proteins found in the blood
A.S.P.E.N. - ANSWER - American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
RT - ANSWER - Related to
AEB - ANSWER - As evidenced by
Malnutrition most simple definition - ANSWER - Any nutritional imbalance
Chronic - ANSWER - A disease or condition lasting for 3 months or longer
Prealbumin and serum albumin - ANSWER - Correlate to inflammation, not necessarily
malnutrition
Mifflin St. Jeor - ANSWER - Females=(10 x kg) + (6.25 x cm) - (5 x age) - 161
Males=(10 x kg) + (6.25 x cm) - (5 x age) + 5
Harris-Benedict - ANSWER - Females=655.1 + (9.6 x kg) + (1.9 x cm) - (4.7 x age)
Males=66.5 + (13.8 x kg) + (5 x cm) - (6.8 x age)
Activity factors - ANSWER - 1.0 sedentary
1.2 moderately active
1.375 active
1.5 very active
1.8 extremely active
Starch-bread (1 exchange) - ANSWER - *Bagel-1/4 large bagel
*Biscuit-1 (2.5 inches across)
*Bread-1 slice
*Pita-1/2 pita
*Taco shell-2 taco shells (5 inches across)
*Corn tortilla-1 small tortilla (6 inches across)
*Flour tortilla-1 small/1/3 large(6 inches across/10 inches across)
*English muffin-1/2 muffin
Answers - Graded A+)
EN - ANSWER - enteral nutrition by tube feeding methods
PN - ANSWER - parenteral nutrition
ONS - ANSWER - oral nutrition supplements
PO - ANSWER - per oral
Characteristics for diagnosing malnutrition (2 or more) - ANSWER - *Insufficient energy
intake
*Weight loss
*Loss of muscle mass
*Loss of subcutaneous fat
*Localized or generalized fluid accumulation that may sometimes mask weight loss
*Diminished functional status as measured by hand grip strength
Why is it important to recognize malnutrition in the acute care setting? - ANSWER -
"Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of pressure ulcers and impaired wound
healing, immune suppression and increased infection rate, muscle wasting and
functional loss increasing the risk of falls, longer length of hospital stay, higher
readmission...and mortality."
What is the difference between negative and positive acute phase respondents? -
ANSWER - *Negative ARP correlate with visceral proteins
*Positive ARP correlate with somatic proteins
APR - ANSWER - acute phase respondents
Attitudes (component 4 critical thinking) - ANSWER - • Attitudes
- Reflection of values
- Consider fairness and responsibility
Standards (component 5 critical thinking) - ANSWER - Standards
- Professional standards
• Code of Ethics
• Standards of Professional Performance • Outcomes research
Sarcopenia - ANSWER - The term is used specifically to denote loss of muscle mass
and strength associated with aging and distinguishes muscle loss of aging from other
causes such as immobility or neurological damage.
,Treatment for sarcopenia - ANSWER - -Resistance training and aerobic exercise
-Protein supplements and vit D optimization
-Androgens/selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)
-Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
-Ghrelin mimetics (Growth hormone secretagogues, GHS)
Cachexia - ANSWER - Cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterized
by severe body weight, fat and muscle loss due to an underlying illness. Typically, it is
associated with increased catabolism which cannot be reversed by mere nutritional
support.
There is no unanimous consensus for diagnosing cachexia.
Treatment for cachexia - ANSWER - -Exercise
-Protein increase of up to 1.5g/kg
-Appetite stimulants
-Androgen/SARMS
-Growth hormone
-Ghrelin and gherkin mimetics
-Anti-Inflammatory agents (NSAIDs, ω-3 fatty acids, thalidomide)
-Beta blockers
Assessment has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Client history
2. Food/nutrition history
3. Anthropometric measurements
4. Biochemical data
5. Nutrition focused physical findings
Diagnosis has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Intake
2. Clinical
3. Behavioral-Environmental
Intervention has how many domains and what r they? - ANSWER - 1. Food and/or
nutrient delivery
2. Nutrition education
3. Nutrition counseling
4. Coordination of nutrition care
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation has how many domains and what r they? -
ANSWER - 1. Food/Nutrition-Related History Outcomes
2. Anthropometric Measurement Outcomes
3. Biochemical Data, Medical Tests, and Procedure Outcomes
4. Nutrition-Focused Physical Finding Outcomes
PES statement - ANSWER - Problem
Etiology (root cause)
Signs and symptoms
, CRP (C-reactive protein) - ANSWER - Is a non-nutritional marker
Done with a blood test
Measures the state of inflammation
Visceral proteins - ANSWER - Serum albumin and pre-albumin
Somatic protein refers to? - ANSWER - skeletal muscle
Visceral protein refers to? - ANSWER - nonmuscular protein making up the organs,
structural components, erythrocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes, as well as other
proteins found in the blood
A.S.P.E.N. - ANSWER - American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
RT - ANSWER - Related to
AEB - ANSWER - As evidenced by
Malnutrition most simple definition - ANSWER - Any nutritional imbalance
Chronic - ANSWER - A disease or condition lasting for 3 months or longer
Prealbumin and serum albumin - ANSWER - Correlate to inflammation, not necessarily
malnutrition
Mifflin St. Jeor - ANSWER - Females=(10 x kg) + (6.25 x cm) - (5 x age) - 161
Males=(10 x kg) + (6.25 x cm) - (5 x age) + 5
Harris-Benedict - ANSWER - Females=655.1 + (9.6 x kg) + (1.9 x cm) - (4.7 x age)
Males=66.5 + (13.8 x kg) + (5 x cm) - (6.8 x age)
Activity factors - ANSWER - 1.0 sedentary
1.2 moderately active
1.375 active
1.5 very active
1.8 extremely active
Starch-bread (1 exchange) - ANSWER - *Bagel-1/4 large bagel
*Biscuit-1 (2.5 inches across)
*Bread-1 slice
*Pita-1/2 pita
*Taco shell-2 taco shells (5 inches across)
*Corn tortilla-1 small tortilla (6 inches across)
*Flour tortilla-1 small/1/3 large(6 inches across/10 inches across)
*English muffin-1/2 muffin
