TEST BANK Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition by Elizabeth Mack Co.

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Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition by Elizabeth Mack Co.




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,Chapter`02`:`Introduction`to`the`Human`Body`Multipl

e`Choice

1. Which`of`the`following`definitions`describes`the`scientific`study`of`human`anatomy?
a. The`study`of`the`body‘s`metabolic`functions.
b. The`study`of`the`body‘s`structures.
c. The`study`of`body‘s`chemical`processes.
d. The`study`of`the`body‘s`molecular`processes.
e. The`study`of`the`body‘s`evolution.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1`Overview`of`Anatomy`and`Physiology
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:` 2.1.1`-`Define`the`terms`anatomy`and`physiology.

2. What`two`approaches`do`anatomists`use`to`study`the`body‘s`structures?
a. regional`and`systemic
b. global`and`detailed
c. holistic`and`microscopic
d. internal`and`external
e. active`and`passive
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1`Overview`of`An WaWtoWm.yTaBnS
d`M
Ph.yWsS
i ology
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.1.2`-`Give`specific`examples`to`show`the`interrelationship`between`anatomy`and
physiology.

3. Which`of`the`following`describes`the`study`of`regional`anatomy?
a. The`skin`and`its`functions.
b. The`interrelationships`of`all`of`the`structures`in`a`specific`body`region.
c. Human`evolution`by`regions`of`the`world.
d. The`specific`functions`of`an`organ.
e. Chemical`changes`in`the`human`body.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1`Overview`of`Anatomy`and`Physiology
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.1.2`-
`Give`specific`examples`to`show`the`interrelationship`between`anatomy`and`physiolo
gy.

4. Which`of`the`following`describes`the`study`of`systemic`anatomy?
a. The`operation`of`body`functions.
b. The`sequence`of`chemical`reactions`in`the`body.
c. The`structures`that`make`up`a`discrete`body`system.
d. The`evolution`of`the`human`body.
e. The`changes`in`the`body`over`time.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember

,REFERENCES: 2.1`Overview`of`Anatomy`and`Physiology
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.1.2`-
`Give`specific`examples`to`show`the`interrelationship`between`anatomy`and`physiolo
gy.

5. What`is`phosphorylation?
a. The`most`common`form`of`molecular`regulation`in`animal`cells`–
`the`addition`of`a`phosphate`group`to`specific`molecules.
b. The`ingestion`and`absorption`of`excessive`phosphorus`from`the`environment.
c. The`production`of`excessive`amounts`of`phosphorus`by`the`body.
d. The`conversion`of`phosphorus`through`a`series`of`reactions`in`the`environment.
e. The`removal`of`phosphorus`from`our`bodies.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2`Structure`and`Function
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.2.1`-`Describe,`compare,`and`contrast`various`structure-
function`relationships`from`molecular`to`organ`level.

6. Early`humans`evolved`a`restructured`pelvis`to`accommodate`for`what`specific`function?
a. increased`intelligence
b. bipedalism
c. childbirth
d. self`defense
e. sense`of`smell`and`taste
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2`Structure`and`Function
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:` 2.2.2`-`Relate`the`commonly`found`branching`structure`to`function`of`an`organ.

7. How`is`human`evolution`defined?
a. The`impact`of`the`earth‘s`climate`on`human`development.
b. Changes`in`human`intelligence`over`time.
c. The`development`of`cognitive`and`motor`skills`over`time.
d. A`change`in`gene`expression`that`occurs`from`generation`to`generation.
e. The`ability`to`adapt`to`constantly`changing`environments.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3`Evolution`and`Human`Variation
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:` 2.3.1`-`Define`the`term`and`explain`the`concept`of`evolution.

8. Why`does`the`body`require`UV`radiation`from`sunlight?
a. To`control`the`spread`of`bacteria.
b. To`improve`skin`tone`and`quality.
c. For`the`production`of`proteins.
d. To`control`blood`flow.
e. For`the`synthesis`of`vitamin`D.
ANSWER: e

, DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3`Evolution`and`Human`Variation
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.3.2`-
`Contrast`the`impact`of`selection`on`traits`that`affect`reproduction`and`traits`that`do`n
ot;`use`this`to`explain`examples`of`anatomical`and`physiological`variation.

9. UV`radiation`from`sunlight`is`harmful`to`folate`(folic`acid)`structure,`a`vitamin.`What`is`a`reason`folate`is`essential?
a. It`is`essential`for`skin`cell`growth`and`development.
b. It`is`essential`for`single`cell`growth`and`muscular`strength.
c. It`aids`in`sperm`production`and`embryonic`development.
d. It`is`important`for`eye`sight`and`night`vision.
e. It`is`involved`with`digestion.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3`Evolution`and`Human`Variation
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.3.2`-
`Contrast`the`impact`of`selection`on`traits`that`affect`reproduction`and`traits`that`do`n
ot;`use`this`to`explain`examples`of`anatomical`and`physiological`variation.

10. What`are`the`three`types`of`gradients`that`drive`flow`in`a`physiological`context?
a. high,`medium,`and`low`gradients
b. elevated,`standard,`and`reduced`gradients
c. organic,`inorganic,`and`chemical`gradients
d. concentration,`electrical,`and`pressure`gradients
e. kinetic,`dynamic,`and`static`gradients
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4`Flow
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:`2.4.1`-
`Describe`how`a`gradient`determines`flow`between`two`regions,`and`give`example
s`of`gradients`that`exist`in`different`levels`of`organization`in`the`body.

11. What`type`of`gradient`drives`the`flow`of`fluids`and`gases?
a. concentration`gradients
b. electrical`gradients
c. pressure`gradients
d. organic`gradients
e. gravitational` gradients
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Blooms:`Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4`Flow
LEARNING`OBJECTIVES:` 2.4.2`-`Predict`how`changes`in`a`gradient`will`affect`flow`rate.

12. Which`of`the`following`variables`provides`resistance`to`flow`rate`in`liquids`and`gases?
a. diameter`and`length`of`the`tube
b. speed`of`the`molecules
c. size`of`the`molecules
d. temperature`of`the`environment
e. viscosity`of`the`medium