ADULT HEALTH 1
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM
100%
ADULT HEALTH 1 EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM 100%
ADULT HEALTH 1 EXAM 1 STUDY
Fluids:
GUIDE NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM 100% o Isotonic:
- 0.9% saline (NS), Lactated
Ringers (LR), 5% dextrose
(D5W)
o Hypotonic:
- 0.45% NS, 0.33% NS, 2.5% Dextrose
- can cause Cerebral edema (b/c makes
the cells swell)
o Hypertonic:
- 3% NaCl, 5% NaCl
- can cause pulmonary edema
Fluid volume imbalances:
o Hypovolemia/ fluid
volume deficit
(dehydrated, increased
electrolytes)
▪ Vitals: tachycardia, weak thready
pulse, hypotension, tachypnea
▪ S/S: dry mucus membranes, poor
skin turgor, decreased urine
output
▪ Labs: urine specific gravity,
hematocrit, serum sodium,
BUN
▪ Nursing interventions: I&O, daily
, weights, oral/IV fluids, vitals, alertness, Electrolyte imbalances:
fall precautions(change positions slow) o HYPOnatremia: sodium below 135 mEq/L
o Hypervolemia/ fluid volume excess (fluid - HYPOvolemic hyponatremia: of fluid
overload) & sodium
▪ Vitals: tachycardia, bounding - HYPERvolemic hyponatremia: body
pulse, hypertension, tachypnea, water greater than sodium
central venous pressure ▪ S/S: headache, confusion, lethargy,
▪ S/S: crackles in lungs, dyspnea, lightheaded, DTR, seizures, muscle
distended neck weakness ( lung), hypothermia,
tachycardia, rapid weak pulse
▪ Causes: (4 D’s): diaphoresis (high
fever), diuretics(thiazides & loop),
diarrhea/vomiting, drains(NGT
suction), SIADH, adrenal insufficient,
too much water, kidney disease,
heart failure, low intake of sodium
▪ Nursing interventions: IV Na+ w/
normal saline or lactated ringers
(sodium lactate solution for low BP),
restrict fluids, daily weights, Fall
risk
o HYPERnatremia: BIG & BLOATED sodium
above 145 mEq/L
▪ S/S: thirst, restlessness, irritability,
muscle twitching, DTR, seizures,
coma, hyperthermia, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
anorexia
▪ Nursing interventions: monitor LOC
& safety, vitals & heart rhythm,
listen to lungs, oral hygiene, I&O
o HYPOkalemia: LOW & SLOW
▪ S/S: hypotension, thready weak
pulse, altered mental status, coma,
hypoactive bowels, N/V,
constipation, paralytic ileus,
shallow breathing, low DTRs
▪ What to monitor: cardiac, assessments,
potassium levels
▪ Pt education: High K+ foods: citrus
fruits, legumes, whole grains, lean
meats, soda, eggs, milk, cocoa,
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM
100%
ADULT HEALTH 1 EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM 100%
ADULT HEALTH 1 EXAM 1 STUDY
Fluids:
GUIDE NR 324 ACTUAL EXAM 100% o Isotonic:
- 0.9% saline (NS), Lactated
Ringers (LR), 5% dextrose
(D5W)
o Hypotonic:
- 0.45% NS, 0.33% NS, 2.5% Dextrose
- can cause Cerebral edema (b/c makes
the cells swell)
o Hypertonic:
- 3% NaCl, 5% NaCl
- can cause pulmonary edema
Fluid volume imbalances:
o Hypovolemia/ fluid
volume deficit
(dehydrated, increased
electrolytes)
▪ Vitals: tachycardia, weak thready
pulse, hypotension, tachypnea
▪ S/S: dry mucus membranes, poor
skin turgor, decreased urine
output
▪ Labs: urine specific gravity,
hematocrit, serum sodium,
BUN
▪ Nursing interventions: I&O, daily
, weights, oral/IV fluids, vitals, alertness, Electrolyte imbalances:
fall precautions(change positions slow) o HYPOnatremia: sodium below 135 mEq/L
o Hypervolemia/ fluid volume excess (fluid - HYPOvolemic hyponatremia: of fluid
overload) & sodium
▪ Vitals: tachycardia, bounding - HYPERvolemic hyponatremia: body
pulse, hypertension, tachypnea, water greater than sodium
central venous pressure ▪ S/S: headache, confusion, lethargy,
▪ S/S: crackles in lungs, dyspnea, lightheaded, DTR, seizures, muscle
distended neck weakness ( lung), hypothermia,
tachycardia, rapid weak pulse
▪ Causes: (4 D’s): diaphoresis (high
fever), diuretics(thiazides & loop),
diarrhea/vomiting, drains(NGT
suction), SIADH, adrenal insufficient,
too much water, kidney disease,
heart failure, low intake of sodium
▪ Nursing interventions: IV Na+ w/
normal saline or lactated ringers
(sodium lactate solution for low BP),
restrict fluids, daily weights, Fall
risk
o HYPERnatremia: BIG & BLOATED sodium
above 145 mEq/L
▪ S/S: thirst, restlessness, irritability,
muscle twitching, DTR, seizures,
coma, hyperthermia, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
anorexia
▪ Nursing interventions: monitor LOC
& safety, vitals & heart rhythm,
listen to lungs, oral hygiene, I&O
o HYPOkalemia: LOW & SLOW
▪ S/S: hypotension, thready weak
pulse, altered mental status, coma,
hypoactive bowels, N/V,
constipation, paralytic ileus,
shallow breathing, low DTRs
▪ What to monitor: cardiac, assessments,
potassium levels
▪ Pt education: High K+ foods: citrus
fruits, legumes, whole grains, lean
meats, soda, eggs, milk, cocoa,
