Title: From Genes to Genomes Revision Mastery

Below is a set of revision test questions (with multiple‐choice and short-answer
formats) designed to review key concepts from From Genes to Genomes, 8th
Edition by Michael Goldberg. Each question is followed by the correct answer
and a brief rationale that explains the reasoning behind the answer. You can use
these to test your understanding and deepen your grasp of the material.


Question 1: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question:
Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
A. Proteins are synthesized first and then convert into RNA and DNA.
B. DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
C. RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA, which is then directly used to synthesize proteins.
D. Proteins are directly synthesized from DNA without an RNA intermediate.

Answer:
B. DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Rationale:
The central dogma, as described in the textbook, emphasizes that genetic information flows from DNA
to RNA to proteins. This process underpins much of molecular genetics and cell biology.



Question 2: Gene Expression Regulation

Question:
Which of the following is a common mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes?
A. Operon model regulation
B. Enhancer and silencer binding
C. Direct transcription from proteins
D. Binary fission

Answer:
B. Enhancer and silencer binding

Rationale:
Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated by various elements including enhancers and silencers. These
regulatory DNA sequences bind transcription factors that modulate the transcription rate of target
genes.



Question 3: DNA Replication

Question:
In DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase?

, A. To unwind the DNA helix
B. To join Okazaki fragments
C. To synthesize a new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides
D. To proofread RNA transcripts

Answer:
C. To synthesize a new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides

Rationale:
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during
replication. It also has proofreading capabilities, ensuring fidelity in the replication process.



Question 4: Mutations and Their Effects

Question:
A point mutation that results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein is most likely to be:
A. Silent
B. Missense
C. Nonsense
D. Frameshift

Answer:
B. Missense

Rationale:
A missense mutation involves the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein sequence.
This is distinct from a silent mutation (no change in amino acid), nonsense mutation (premature stop
codon), or frameshift mutation (shift in the reading frame).



Question 5: Genome Organization

Question:
Which statement about eukaryotic genomes is true?
A. Eukaryotic genomes consist solely of coding regions.
B. Eukaryotic genomes have large amounts of noncoding DNA, including introns and regulatory
sequences.
C. Eukaryotic genomes replicate using a single origin of replication.
D. Eukaryotic genomes are circular in structure.

Answer:
B. Eukaryotic genomes have large amounts of noncoding DNA, including introns and regulatory
sequences.

Rationale:
Eukaryotic genomes are characterized by the presence of extensive noncoding regions (introns,