SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Artificial Intelligence-A Modern Approach, 4th Edition (2020) by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28

12345627196715 4 52  74 3
6  



!"!"#
$%&7'1(())

)*+!,

,123454647893884 6
932634 
93884 31 3
992884
84 28726
4 

726
4
8 !42 3
"1272478726
7#7 
$
3274373457634 28
999% &8 '274 '787 4
()46781 3
*+423,22)46
-952 6 4+423,22)46
.% &8 / 2 3734 
137387 4 
901 623742&8 7274
373454 1 623743
27484346/ 74 

27484346/ 74 244 
"274843462274 
$5724 486 644
(5724
8 6 644
*58347 36 644 5724 
0576
4 )724

, 12345678796 5 4
3456787965888 4
14434567879

487 64 4734567879


785879!4648"879!575879
#$565357959464879
%4434567879 6$565357959464879
& 46
887
'
8



787
()8)*!)8!57+54* ,

-.)4/64 ,


,h ijiklmninhh
mpqkrstlqmrph
oh
puvwhvxyvhzu{h|y}~huzhvxwh€wv‚u}h‚}hvx‚hƒxy„vw{h†wh‡‚ˆwh{wzw{w}ƒwh†xw{why}†w{hƒy}h
‰whzu€}Šh{yvxw{hvxy}h†{‚v‚}‡hvxw|hu€v‹vxwhz€ŒŒhy}†w{h†u€ŒŠh‰whzy{hvuuhŒu}‡h
‘
ŽŽ‘’“”•‘–—‘˜–™‘ ‘
!"#$%!&'('()*+,-

*./01.
01
2345
361
635789
:;<
01=.>>0?.1@.A
:B<
;5=0/0@0;>
01=.>>0?.1@.A
:@<
;?.1=A
:7<
5;C

=031;>0=2A
:.<
>3?0@;>
5.;83101?D

š(s‚ƒv‚u}y{~hŠwz‚}‚v‚u}huzh›œ•žž›Ÿœ ‘¡¢£¤¥¢¦§¨¡¥©¡ª«¥¬¢­¢¬®¡¯¥¡§¥¢¬°¨®±«¥¢²³¥¢­­£̄¥
¤²§´£«³µ«¶¥§±¥©¡ª«¥·¢¬¨£¡¯¥§·¥¡ª§¨µª¡¥¢²³¥±«¢¸§²¶¥§±¥©¡ª«¥¢¦®£®¡¯¥¡§¥¬§¹­±«ª«²³¥
¢²³¥­±§·®¡¥·±§¹¥«º­«±®«²¬«»¶hqxwwhy{whyŒŒh{wyu}y‰Œwhy}†w{h‰€vh‚zh†wh†y}vh
u|wvx‚}‡h€y}v‚z‚y‰Œwh†wh†u€ŒŠh€whu|wvx‚}‡hŒ‚¼wh©¡ª«hy‰‚Œ‚v~hvuhyƒvh€ƒƒwz€ŒŒ~h
yƒ{uhyh́®³«¥±¢²µ«¥§·¥§¦½«¬¡®¾«¸¥®²¥¬§¹­£«º¥«²¾®±§²¹«²¡¸»¶h
¿(ÀwhŠwz‚}wh”Á•›Â››”ž‘›œ•žž›Ÿœ ‘yhvxwhv€Š~hy}Šhƒu}v{€ƒv‚u}huzhy‡w}vh„{u‡{y|h
vxyvh„w{zu{|h†wŒŒh‚}hyh‡‚ˆw}hƒŒyhuzhw}ˆ‚{u}|w}vhzu{hyh‡‚ˆw}hy‡w}vhy{ƒx‚vwƒv€{wÃh
vxw~hÄÅÆÇÈÉÆÊËÌÈÇÆÇÈËÍ̍hÎ}h‚|„u{vy}vh„y{vhuzhvxyvh‚hŠwyŒ‚}‡h†‚vxhvxwh€}ƒw{vy‚}v~huzh
†xyvhvxwhƒ€{{w}vhvyvwh‚h†xyvhvxwhu€vƒu|whuzh„u‚‰Œwhyƒv‚u}h|‚‡xvh‰why}Šh†xyvh
‚h‚vhvxyvh†wh{wyŒŒ~hŠw‚{wh
#(ÀwhŠwz‚}why}h”Ÿœ•‘yhy}hw}v‚v~hvxyvhvy¼whyƒv‚u}h‚}h{w„u}whvuh„w{ƒw„vhz{u|hy}h
w}ˆ‚Ïh{u}|w}vh
Ð(ÀwhŠwz‚}whÁ”•›Ñœ”ž›•Ò‘¢¸¥¡ª«¥­±§­«±¡¯¥§·¥¢¥¸¯¸¡«¹¥´ª®¬ª¥³§«¸¥¡ª«¥©±®µª¡¥¡ª®²µ¶¥
‡‚ˆw}h†xyvh‚vh¼}u†hnwwhnwƒv‚u}hӍÓhzu{hyh|u{whƒu|„ŒwvwhŠ‚ƒ€‚u}hqxwh‰y‚ƒh
ƒu}ƒw„vh‚hÔÉÊÕÉÖÇÆ{yv‚u}yŒ‚v~Ãhnwƒv‚u}h™™‘Šwƒ{‚‰whvxwh‚|„u‚‰‚Œ‚v~huzhyƒx‚wˆ‚}‡h
„w{zwƒvh{yv‚u}yŒÏh‚v~hy}Šh„{u„uwhy}hyŒvw{}yv‚ˆwhŠwz‚}‚v‚u}h
!(ÀwhŠwz‚}whžÑŸ›”ž‘Á”—Ñœ›œŸ‘yhvxwhyh„{uƒwhuzhŠw{‚ˆ‚}‡h}w†hw}vw}ƒwhz{u|huŒŠh
€ƒxhvxyvhvxwh}w†hw}vw}ƒwhy{wh}wƒwy{‚Œ~hv{€wh‚zhvxwhuŒŠhu}why{whv{€wh×puv‚ƒwhvxyvh
Šuwh}uvh{wzw{hvuhy}~h„wƒ‚z‚ƒh~}vyØhu{hzu{|yŒhŒy}‡€y‡wh‰€vh‚vhŠuwh{w€‚{whyh†wŒŒÏ
h
Šwz‚}wŠh}uv‚u}huzhv{€vxÙh
!"#$%!&'('()EFGH

IJKLMNOPQRSTUMVPQSQRKWMXKXJPMVRMYZM[NOPQRS\M]^_`ab
H1
=c.
d;d.5A
c.
708@488.8
8.e.5;>

3Bf.@=0318
=3
c08
d53d38.7
.1=.5d508.
;17
c08
=.8=
/35
01=.>>0?.1@.D
gc0@c
3Bf.@=0318
8=0>>
@;552


0
2324
56789
7 
  6 


8
9
86968
6