EMT STATE EXAM NC revision questions
with 100% guidelines
FIRST STAGE OF LABOR - ANS The first stage occurs from onset of true labor contractions
till dilation and effacement of the uterus.
2nd stage of labor - ANS The hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete
delivery of the baby.
3rd stage of labor - ANS The third stage occurs when the placenta delivers.
Ligaments connect.... - ANS Bone to Bone
Tendons connect - ANS Bone to Muscle
START Triage 1st Step - ANS START triage begins by asking patients to get up and walk to
a collection point
START Triage 2nd step - ANS respirations are assessed
START Triage 3rd Step - ANS if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened.
START Triage 4th Step - ANS Pulse is then assessed
START Triage 5th Step - ANS Check mental status.
Rule of 9's:Child:BACK - ANS child's back represents 18% of his body surface area
Rule of 9's:Child: Both Legs (Front & Back) - ANS the front and back of both legs each
represent 7%
Rule of 9's:Child:Torso (Front & Back) - ANS child's anterior and posterior torso would
represent 36%
Primary blast stage - ANS also known as the pressure wave), damages hollow, gas
containing organs of the body such as the lungs, GI system, inner ears, and sinuses.
Secondary blast - ANS The secondary phase causes cause blunt and penetration injuries
from flying debris.
,Tertiary phase of blast - ANS tertiary phase are injuries sustained from the patient being
thrown back and impacting something (wall, ground, etc.).
A 71-year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. On examination you note her left
foot is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates a - ANS femur fracture
"5 Rights" of medication administration. - ANS right patient, right medication, right route, right
dose, and right time.
If you are responsible for establishing the landing zone for the helicopter, what is the minimum
size of the LZ you should prepare assuming the rescue efforts are occurring at night? - ANS
The minimum size of the landing zone at night is 100' by 100'. During daylight, the minimum LZ
zone is 60' by 60'. In either situation the LZ should be square, with a marker indicating the
direction of wind travel
Which one of the following is a sign of Cushing's triad (Cushing's reflex) that occurs with
traumatic brain injury? - ANS The vital signs are an increased blood pressure, slowing pulse
rate, and irregular respirations (classically seen as Cheyne-Stokes).
Classes of hemorrhage - ANS A Class III hemorrhage is said to occur when the patient has
lost 30-40% of their circulating blood volume. This is a significant bleed due to the fact that the
body's compensatory mechanisms are maximized, and any additional blood loss will now create
significant disturbances in hemodynamic stability. In Class I and II hemorrhage, blood pressure
remains acceptable, in Class IV hemorrhage the blood pressure drops dangerously low.
APGAR SCORE - ANS Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2=no cyanosis-all pink
Pulse Rate: 0=Absent; 1=<100; 2=>100
Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away
Activity: 0=None; 1=some flexion,2=flexed arms/legs resisting extension
Respiratory: 0=Absent; 1=weak, irregular; 2=strong, lusty cry
Organs in Upper Right Quadrant of Abs - ANS The liver is found primarily within the
boundaries of the upper right quadrant.
Organs in Upper Left Quadrant of Abs - ANS The stomach and spleen are typically found in
the upper left quadrant.
Bladder location - ANS The bladder is found on the midline between the lower two
quadrants.
,Communication "Reflection" - ANS Reflection is a technique where you paraphrase the
patient's words to encourage more information and to build trust
Minimum safe residual pressure in oxygen tank is? - ANS The minimum safe residual
pressure in an oxygen tank is 200 psi.
Nasal cannula oxygen flow rate - ANS 1 to 6L/min
Nasal cannula oxygen concentration - ANS 24% to 44%
NRB Flow rate - ANS 12 to 15L/min
NRB oxygen delivered - ANS 90% to 100%
Venturi mask oxygen delivery - ANS 24, 28, 35, 40 percent
BVM flow rate and oxygen delivery - ANS 15L /min and nearly 100%
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations - ANS Shows irregular respirations followed by a period of
apnea
Ataxic Respirations - ANS irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an
identifiable pattern.
ICP (intracranial Pressure) Signs/symptoms - ANS decreased pulse (Bradycardia), increased
B/P (Hypertension), irregular respirations.
ICP Defined - ANS Accumulations of blood within the skull or swelling of the brain.
Triad of signs (Cushing's Reflex) are: (Usually seen with ICP) - ANS 1. Increased systolic
B/P
2. Decreased pulse rate
3. Irregular respirations.
Glascow Comas Scale (GCS) Components; - ANS Eye opening,
Verbal Response
Motor Response
GCS (Eye Opening) Ratings - ANS Spontaneous-4
Verbal response-3
Response to pain-2
None-1
, GCS (Verbal Response) Ratings - ANS Oriented Conversation-5
Confused Conversation-4
Inappropriate Words-3
Incomprehensible sounds-2
None-1
GCS (Best Motor Response) - ANS Obeys Commands-6
Localizes Pain-5
Withdraws Pain-4
Abnormal Flexion-3
Abnormal Extension-2
None-1
GCS Scores Total Ratings: - ANS 13-15: mild dysfunction; 15 is considered a person with no
neurologic disabilities
A oxygen tank which holds 350 liters - ANS D Cylinder (portable)
D Tank (PSI): - ANS 2000 psi
Severe allergic reaction signs: - ANS urticaria, bronchosphasm, swelling of lips
Order of assessing a patient after scene size up: - ANS 1. Initial assessment
2. Focused Assessment
3. Complete assessment
4. Ongoing Assessment
Ethics: - ANS Philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties,
CQI - ANS Circular System of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all
aspects of an ems system
General Adaptation Syndrome (stress) - ANS 1. Alarm Response
2. Reaction and Resistance
3. Recovery or exhaustion
Fight or Flight Response - ANS The physiologic response involves the interaction of the
endocrine and nervous systems.
Pulse rate:adult - ANS 60-100
Pulse rate : newborn - ANS 140-160
Pulse rate: child(6-12) - ANS 65-110
with 100% guidelines
FIRST STAGE OF LABOR - ANS The first stage occurs from onset of true labor contractions
till dilation and effacement of the uterus.
2nd stage of labor - ANS The hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete
delivery of the baby.
3rd stage of labor - ANS The third stage occurs when the placenta delivers.
Ligaments connect.... - ANS Bone to Bone
Tendons connect - ANS Bone to Muscle
START Triage 1st Step - ANS START triage begins by asking patients to get up and walk to
a collection point
START Triage 2nd step - ANS respirations are assessed
START Triage 3rd Step - ANS if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened.
START Triage 4th Step - ANS Pulse is then assessed
START Triage 5th Step - ANS Check mental status.
Rule of 9's:Child:BACK - ANS child's back represents 18% of his body surface area
Rule of 9's:Child: Both Legs (Front & Back) - ANS the front and back of both legs each
represent 7%
Rule of 9's:Child:Torso (Front & Back) - ANS child's anterior and posterior torso would
represent 36%
Primary blast stage - ANS also known as the pressure wave), damages hollow, gas
containing organs of the body such as the lungs, GI system, inner ears, and sinuses.
Secondary blast - ANS The secondary phase causes cause blunt and penetration injuries
from flying debris.
,Tertiary phase of blast - ANS tertiary phase are injuries sustained from the patient being
thrown back and impacting something (wall, ground, etc.).
A 71-year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. On examination you note her left
foot is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates a - ANS femur fracture
"5 Rights" of medication administration. - ANS right patient, right medication, right route, right
dose, and right time.
If you are responsible for establishing the landing zone for the helicopter, what is the minimum
size of the LZ you should prepare assuming the rescue efforts are occurring at night? - ANS
The minimum size of the landing zone at night is 100' by 100'. During daylight, the minimum LZ
zone is 60' by 60'. In either situation the LZ should be square, with a marker indicating the
direction of wind travel
Which one of the following is a sign of Cushing's triad (Cushing's reflex) that occurs with
traumatic brain injury? - ANS The vital signs are an increased blood pressure, slowing pulse
rate, and irregular respirations (classically seen as Cheyne-Stokes).
Classes of hemorrhage - ANS A Class III hemorrhage is said to occur when the patient has
lost 30-40% of their circulating blood volume. This is a significant bleed due to the fact that the
body's compensatory mechanisms are maximized, and any additional blood loss will now create
significant disturbances in hemodynamic stability. In Class I and II hemorrhage, blood pressure
remains acceptable, in Class IV hemorrhage the blood pressure drops dangerously low.
APGAR SCORE - ANS Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2=no cyanosis-all pink
Pulse Rate: 0=Absent; 1=<100; 2=>100
Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away
Activity: 0=None; 1=some flexion,2=flexed arms/legs resisting extension
Respiratory: 0=Absent; 1=weak, irregular; 2=strong, lusty cry
Organs in Upper Right Quadrant of Abs - ANS The liver is found primarily within the
boundaries of the upper right quadrant.
Organs in Upper Left Quadrant of Abs - ANS The stomach and spleen are typically found in
the upper left quadrant.
Bladder location - ANS The bladder is found on the midline between the lower two
quadrants.
,Communication "Reflection" - ANS Reflection is a technique where you paraphrase the
patient's words to encourage more information and to build trust
Minimum safe residual pressure in oxygen tank is? - ANS The minimum safe residual
pressure in an oxygen tank is 200 psi.
Nasal cannula oxygen flow rate - ANS 1 to 6L/min
Nasal cannula oxygen concentration - ANS 24% to 44%
NRB Flow rate - ANS 12 to 15L/min
NRB oxygen delivered - ANS 90% to 100%
Venturi mask oxygen delivery - ANS 24, 28, 35, 40 percent
BVM flow rate and oxygen delivery - ANS 15L /min and nearly 100%
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations - ANS Shows irregular respirations followed by a period of
apnea
Ataxic Respirations - ANS irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an
identifiable pattern.
ICP (intracranial Pressure) Signs/symptoms - ANS decreased pulse (Bradycardia), increased
B/P (Hypertension), irregular respirations.
ICP Defined - ANS Accumulations of blood within the skull or swelling of the brain.
Triad of signs (Cushing's Reflex) are: (Usually seen with ICP) - ANS 1. Increased systolic
B/P
2. Decreased pulse rate
3. Irregular respirations.
Glascow Comas Scale (GCS) Components; - ANS Eye opening,
Verbal Response
Motor Response
GCS (Eye Opening) Ratings - ANS Spontaneous-4
Verbal response-3
Response to pain-2
None-1
, GCS (Verbal Response) Ratings - ANS Oriented Conversation-5
Confused Conversation-4
Inappropriate Words-3
Incomprehensible sounds-2
None-1
GCS (Best Motor Response) - ANS Obeys Commands-6
Localizes Pain-5
Withdraws Pain-4
Abnormal Flexion-3
Abnormal Extension-2
None-1
GCS Scores Total Ratings: - ANS 13-15: mild dysfunction; 15 is considered a person with no
neurologic disabilities
A oxygen tank which holds 350 liters - ANS D Cylinder (portable)
D Tank (PSI): - ANS 2000 psi
Severe allergic reaction signs: - ANS urticaria, bronchosphasm, swelling of lips
Order of assessing a patient after scene size up: - ANS 1. Initial assessment
2. Focused Assessment
3. Complete assessment
4. Ongoing Assessment
Ethics: - ANS Philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties,
CQI - ANS Circular System of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all
aspects of an ems system
General Adaptation Syndrome (stress) - ANS 1. Alarm Response
2. Reaction and Resistance
3. Recovery or exhaustion
Fight or Flight Response - ANS The physiologic response involves the interaction of the
endocrine and nervous systems.
Pulse rate:adult - ANS 60-100
Pulse rate : newborn - ANS 140-160
Pulse rate: child(6-12) - ANS 65-110
