Biology Chapter 14: Section 1 - RNA
RNA
ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins
from DNA to the rest of the cell.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis.
Transcription
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a
DNA strand as a template.
Promoter
Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.
Intron
Sequence of DNA that is cut out or not involved in coding for a protein.
Exon
Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein. The remaining pieces left after editing.
How are RNA and DNA similar?
1. They both have a sugar, different ones
2. phosphates
3. Three of the four bases are the same
4. Both are types of nucleic acid's and consists of a long chain of nucleotides.
RNA
ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins
from DNA to the rest of the cell.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis.
Transcription
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a
DNA strand as a template.
Promoter
Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.
Intron
Sequence of DNA that is cut out or not involved in coding for a protein.
Exon
Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein. The remaining pieces left after editing.
How are RNA and DNA similar?
1. They both have a sugar, different ones
2. phosphates
3. Three of the four bases are the same
4. Both are types of nucleic acid's and consists of a long chain of nucleotides.
