Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 4th Edition Walsh Test Bank Chapter 1 - 36 Updated Guide 2022

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,Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric
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Respiratory Care, 6th Edition
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by Brian K. Walsh
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, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE aa l7



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1.
Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the fo
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rmation of a capillary network aa around airway passages? aa 7 l l7 aa l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




a. Pseudoglandular aa
b. Saccular aa
c. Alveolar aa
d. Canalicular aa
ANS: aa aaD aa l 7




The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 1
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7 weeksl7 l7




aato 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular c
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hannels, aa o aar capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a
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aa capillary network around the air
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aag the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestatio
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aaway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, endin
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aa terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from week
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s 29 to 36
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aa become alveoli. During the sa
l7 aaccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potentiall7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




aagas-


exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveo l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




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aastage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This
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stage aais represented by the establishment of alveoli. aa
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REF: pp. l7 aa l7l7l aa 7 aa 3-5 aa
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2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




will b aae present in the lungs for life develop? aa
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a. 6 months aa l7




b. 1 year aa l7




c. 1.5 years aa l7




d. 2 years aa l7




ANS: aa aaC aa l 7




Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life
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. At 2
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aayears of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years
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, of age, aamales have more alveoli than do females.
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aa After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continu
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aae to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed. aa
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REF: p. 6 aa l7 l7



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3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tr
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acheal s aatenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop? aa
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a. Embryonal aa
b. Saccular aa
c. Canalicular aa
d. Alveolar aa
ANS: aa aaA aa l 7




The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop
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aa during the embryonal stage. Errors in
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aaelopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




aa stenosis.
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aaulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an ab l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 7




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aaow number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop
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aa during the
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aa pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
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rely), sev l7




aaere respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
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along wit aah insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar
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aa type II cells, gives rise to the con
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aastellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome. aa l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7



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REF: p. 6 aa l7l7l aa 7 l7



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4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for
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aa the possible association between oli aagohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? aa
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism aa l7 l7




II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall aa l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




III. Interference with fetal breathing aaIV. aaFailure to produce fetal lung liquid aaa. l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7




aaI and III only aa
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b. II and III only aa l7 l7 l7




c. I, II, and IV only aa l7 l7 l7 l7




d. II, III, and IV only aa l7 l7 l7 l7




ANS: aa aaD aa l 7