Cardiology Nursing 1 Humber Final With
Correct Answers
sinus crhythm c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔regular crhythm c
Set cby cSA cnode cat c60 cto c100 cbpm
P cwaves cnormal
normal cqrs
PR c0.12 c- c0.2
normal cqrs cless cthan c0.10
wide cqrs cis c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔greater cthan c0.12
Sinus cTachycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔100-160 cbpm
SA cnode
reduced ctime cfor cventricle cfilling
assess cfor cSOB cor cchest cpain
a cprolonged cQT cinterval c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔more cprone cto carrhythmia
NSR creflects cthe cheart's c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔normal celectrical cactivity, cproviding
csynchrony cbetween cthe catria cand cthe cventricles.
Sinus ctachycardia coccurs cwhen cthe c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔sinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses ctoo cfast c(100 c- c160 cbeats/minute). cAll cother cparameters care cnormal
Facts cabout csinus ctachycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cresponse cof cheart cin
ccertain ccircumstances c(for cexample cexercise) c
•Begins cand cends cgradually cin ccontrast cto cother ctachycardias c
•Usually cbenign carrhythmia cthat cgoes caway cwhen cunderlying ccause cis ctreated c
•Common ccauses: cAnxiety, chypoxia, chypovolemia, chypotension, cheart cfailure, cpain,
cdrugs cthat cincrease csympathetic ctone c(epinephrine, cnorepinephrine, cdopamine,
,cdobutamine, cisoproterenol, cnitroprusside), cand cdrugs cthat cdecrease
cparasympathetic ctone c(atropine) c
•Persistent csinus ctachycardia cmay cresult cin cdecreased ccardiac coutput cdue cto ca
cdecrease cin cstroke cvolume. cCardiac coutput c= cstroke cvolume c×heart crate. cA
cdecrease cin ceither cstroke cvolume cor cheart crate cmay cresult cin ca cdecrease cin
ccardiac coutput.
Sinus cbradycardia coccurs cwhen c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the csinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses ctoo cslow c(40 c- c60 cbeats/minute). cAll cother cparameters care cnormal.
Sinus cbradycardia cfeatures c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔regular crhythm, crate c40-60 cbpm
Normal cp cwaves
PR cinterval cnormal c0.12 cto c0.2
QRS cnormal cless cthan c0.1
Facts cabout csinus cbradycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cresponse cof cheart cin
ccertain ccircumstances c(for cexample crelaxation, csleep) c
•Most ccommon carrhythmia cassociated cwith cacute cinferior cwall cmyocardial cinfarction c
•Other ccauses: cReperfusion crhythm cfollowing cmyocardial creperfusion cprocedures
c(thrombolytic cadministration, cangioplasty); cvagal cstimulation; csleep capnea;
chyperkalemia; cincreased cintracranial cpressure; cdisease cof cSA cnode; cand
cadministration cof cdrugs, csuch cas cdigitalis, ccalcium cchannel cblockers, cand cbeta
cblockers c
•Persistent cbradycardia cmay cresult cin cdecreased ccardiac coutput cdue cto ca cdecrease
cin cheart crate. cCardiac coutput c= cstroke cvolume c×heart crate. cA cdecrease cin ceither
cstroke cvolume cor cheart crate cmay cresult cin ca cdecrease cin ccardiac coutput.
Treatment cof csinus cbradycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔No ctreatment cis cnecessary cif
cpatient cis casymptomatic. c
•Symptomatic cbradycardia cis cinitially ctreated cwith coxygen cand catropine cIV cpush. cIf
cunsuccessful, cexternal cpacing cor ctransvenous cpacing cmay cbe cused. c
•Chronic csinus cbradycardia cmay crequire ca cpermanent cpacemaker.
Sinus carrhythmia coccurs cwhen c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the csinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses cirregularly. cThe cheart crate cmay cbe cnormal crange cor cslow. cAll cother
cparameters care cnormal.
Sinus carrhythmia cECG cfeatures c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔irregular crhythm
rate cnormal cor cslow
P cwaves cnormal
,PR cinterval cnormal c0.12 cto c0.20
QRS cnormal cless cthan c0.1
Facts cabout csinus carrhythmia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cphenomenon cusually
cassociated cwith cphases cof crespiration c(heart crate cincreases cwith cinspiration cand
cdecreases cwith cexpiration) c
•Most ccommonly cobserved cin cinfants, cchildren, cand cyoung cadults, calthough cit cmay
coccur cin cany cage-group c
•Frequently coccurs calong cwith csinus cbradycardia, cin cwhich ccase cit cis cusually ccalled
csinus carrhythmia cwith ca cbradycardic crate c
•Treatment: cDoes cnot crequire cintervention cunless caccompanied cby csymptomatic
cbradycardia c(follow csymptomatic cbradycardia cprotocols)
Sinus cpause c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cbroad cterm cused cto cdescribe ca csudden
cpause cin cthe cbasic crhythm cwith cone cor cmore cmissing cbeats; ctwo crhythms cfall
cunder cthis ccategory:
Sinus carrest cand cSinus cexit cblock
sinus carrest c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔SA cnode cfails cto cinitiate cimpulse; crepresents ca
cproblem cwith cSA cnode cautomaticity; cbasic crhythm cdoes cnot cresume con ctime
cfollowing cpause.
Sinus cexit cblock c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔SA cnode cinitiates cimpulse, cbut cimpulse cis
cblocked cas cit cexits cSA cnode; crepresents ca cproblem cwith cSA cnode cconductivity;
cbasic crhythm cresumes con ctime cfollowing cpause.
Sinus carrest cand csinus cexit cblock cECG c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Rhythm: cbasic cis
cregular cwith csudden cpause cwith cone cor cmore cmissing cbeats, cHR cmay cslow cfor
cseveral cbeats cafter cpause cbut cthen creturn cto cbasic crate.
P cwaves: csinus cwith cbasic crhythm, cabsent cduring cpause c
PR cinterval: cnormal cduring cbasic, cabsent cduring cpause
QRS cnormal cduring cbasic, cabsent cduring cpause
Sinus cblock: cbasic crhythm cresumes con ctime cafter cpause
Sinus carrest: cbasic crhythm cdoes cnot cresume con ctime cafter cpause
irregular csinus crhythm ccan cbe cassociated cwith cphases cof crespiration c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔During cInspiration, cthe cSinus cNode cfires cfaster
, During cExpiration, cthe cSinus cNode cslows cdown
Depolarization c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the cspread cof cthe celectrical cstimulus cthrough
cthe cheart cmuscle, cproducing cthe cP cwave cfrom cthe catria cand cthe cQRS ccomplex
cfrom cthe cventricles
Repolarization c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the crecovery cof cthe cstimulated cmuscle cto cthe
cresting cstate, cproducing cthe cST csegment, cthe cT cwave, cand cthe cU cwave
Five clead csystem clead cplacement c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔white c- cright carm
black c- cleft carm c
green c- cright cleg
red c- cleft cleg
brown c- cchest
The c6 cchest cleads care... c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔V1—4th cinterspace, cright csternal
cborder
V2—4th cinterspace, cleft csternal cborder
V3—midway cbetween cV2 cand cV4
V4—5th cinterspace, cleft cmidclavicular cline
V5—5th cinterspace, cleft canterior caxillary cline
V6—5th cinterspace, cleft cmidaxillary cline
False chigh crate calarms— c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Patient cturning cin cbed cor cextremity
cmovement. cSolution: cProblem cis cusually cintermittent cand cno ccorrection cis
cnecessary. cMovement cartifact ccan cbe creduced cby cavoiding cplacement cof celectrode
cpads cin careas cwhere cextremity cmovement cis cgreatest c(bony careas csuch cas cthe
cclavicles).
Seizure cactivity ccan calso cproduce chigh cvoltage
artifact cpotentials
False clow crate calarms c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Continuous cstraight cline crelated cto
cdried cconductive cgel, cdisconnected clead cwire, cor cdisconnected celectrode cpad.
cSolution: cCheck celectrode csystem; cre-prep cand creattach celectrodes cand cleads cas
cnecessary. cNote: cA cstraight cline cmay calso cindicate cthe cabsence cof celectrical
cactivity cin cthe cheart; cthe cpatient cmust cbe cevaluated cimmediately cfor cthe cpresence
cof ca cpulse.
Cause: cIntermittent cstraight cline crelated cto cineffective ccontact cbetween cskin cand
celectrode cpad. cSolution: cMake csure chair cis cclipped cand celectrode cpad cis cplaced
con cclean, cdry, cskin; cif cdiaphoresis cis ca cproblem, cprep cskin csurface cwith cliquid
cadhesive, callow cto cdry, cand creapply celectrode cpad.
Electrical cinterference c(AC cinterference) c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Cause: cPatients
cusing celectrical cequipment c(electric
Correct Answers
sinus crhythm c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔regular crhythm c
Set cby cSA cnode cat c60 cto c100 cbpm
P cwaves cnormal
normal cqrs
PR c0.12 c- c0.2
normal cqrs cless cthan c0.10
wide cqrs cis c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔greater cthan c0.12
Sinus cTachycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔100-160 cbpm
SA cnode
reduced ctime cfor cventricle cfilling
assess cfor cSOB cor cchest cpain
a cprolonged cQT cinterval c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔more cprone cto carrhythmia
NSR creflects cthe cheart's c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔normal celectrical cactivity, cproviding
csynchrony cbetween cthe catria cand cthe cventricles.
Sinus ctachycardia coccurs cwhen cthe c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔sinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses ctoo cfast c(100 c- c160 cbeats/minute). cAll cother cparameters care cnormal
Facts cabout csinus ctachycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cresponse cof cheart cin
ccertain ccircumstances c(for cexample cexercise) c
•Begins cand cends cgradually cin ccontrast cto cother ctachycardias c
•Usually cbenign carrhythmia cthat cgoes caway cwhen cunderlying ccause cis ctreated c
•Common ccauses: cAnxiety, chypoxia, chypovolemia, chypotension, cheart cfailure, cpain,
cdrugs cthat cincrease csympathetic ctone c(epinephrine, cnorepinephrine, cdopamine,
,cdobutamine, cisoproterenol, cnitroprusside), cand cdrugs cthat cdecrease
cparasympathetic ctone c(atropine) c
•Persistent csinus ctachycardia cmay cresult cin cdecreased ccardiac coutput cdue cto ca
cdecrease cin cstroke cvolume. cCardiac coutput c= cstroke cvolume c×heart crate. cA
cdecrease cin ceither cstroke cvolume cor cheart crate cmay cresult cin ca cdecrease cin
ccardiac coutput.
Sinus cbradycardia coccurs cwhen c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the csinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses ctoo cslow c(40 c- c60 cbeats/minute). cAll cother cparameters care cnormal.
Sinus cbradycardia cfeatures c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔regular crhythm, crate c40-60 cbpm
Normal cp cwaves
PR cinterval cnormal c0.12 cto c0.2
QRS cnormal cless cthan c0.1
Facts cabout csinus cbradycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cresponse cof cheart cin
ccertain ccircumstances c(for cexample crelaxation, csleep) c
•Most ccommon carrhythmia cassociated cwith cacute cinferior cwall cmyocardial cinfarction c
•Other ccauses: cReperfusion crhythm cfollowing cmyocardial creperfusion cprocedures
c(thrombolytic cadministration, cangioplasty); cvagal cstimulation; csleep capnea;
chyperkalemia; cincreased cintracranial cpressure; cdisease cof cSA cnode; cand
cadministration cof cdrugs, csuch cas cdigitalis, ccalcium cchannel cblockers, cand cbeta
cblockers c
•Persistent cbradycardia cmay cresult cin cdecreased ccardiac coutput cdue cto ca cdecrease
cin cheart crate. cCardiac coutput c= cstroke cvolume c×heart crate. cA cdecrease cin ceither
cstroke cvolume cor cheart crate cmay cresult cin ca cdecrease cin ccardiac coutput.
Treatment cof csinus cbradycardia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔No ctreatment cis cnecessary cif
cpatient cis casymptomatic. c
•Symptomatic cbradycardia cis cinitially ctreated cwith coxygen cand catropine cIV cpush. cIf
cunsuccessful, cexternal cpacing cor ctransvenous cpacing cmay cbe cused. c
•Chronic csinus cbradycardia cmay crequire ca cpermanent cpacemaker.
Sinus carrhythmia coccurs cwhen c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the csinus cnode cdischarges
cimpulses cirregularly. cThe cheart crate cmay cbe cnormal crange cor cslow. cAll cother
cparameters care cnormal.
Sinus carrhythmia cECG cfeatures c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔irregular crhythm
rate cnormal cor cslow
P cwaves cnormal
,PR cinterval cnormal c0.12 cto c0.20
QRS cnormal cless cthan c0.1
Facts cabout csinus carrhythmia c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Normal cphenomenon cusually
cassociated cwith cphases cof crespiration c(heart crate cincreases cwith cinspiration cand
cdecreases cwith cexpiration) c
•Most ccommonly cobserved cin cinfants, cchildren, cand cyoung cadults, calthough cit cmay
coccur cin cany cage-group c
•Frequently coccurs calong cwith csinus cbradycardia, cin cwhich ccase cit cis cusually ccalled
csinus carrhythmia cwith ca cbradycardic crate c
•Treatment: cDoes cnot crequire cintervention cunless caccompanied cby csymptomatic
cbradycardia c(follow csymptomatic cbradycardia cprotocols)
Sinus cpause c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cbroad cterm cused cto cdescribe ca csudden
cpause cin cthe cbasic crhythm cwith cone cor cmore cmissing cbeats; ctwo crhythms cfall
cunder cthis ccategory:
Sinus carrest cand cSinus cexit cblock
sinus carrest c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔SA cnode cfails cto cinitiate cimpulse; crepresents ca
cproblem cwith cSA cnode cautomaticity; cbasic crhythm cdoes cnot cresume con ctime
cfollowing cpause.
Sinus cexit cblock c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔SA cnode cinitiates cimpulse, cbut cimpulse cis
cblocked cas cit cexits cSA cnode; crepresents ca cproblem cwith cSA cnode cconductivity;
cbasic crhythm cresumes con ctime cfollowing cpause.
Sinus carrest cand csinus cexit cblock cECG c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Rhythm: cbasic cis
cregular cwith csudden cpause cwith cone cor cmore cmissing cbeats, cHR cmay cslow cfor
cseveral cbeats cafter cpause cbut cthen creturn cto cbasic crate.
P cwaves: csinus cwith cbasic crhythm, cabsent cduring cpause c
PR cinterval: cnormal cduring cbasic, cabsent cduring cpause
QRS cnormal cduring cbasic, cabsent cduring cpause
Sinus cblock: cbasic crhythm cresumes con ctime cafter cpause
Sinus carrest: cbasic crhythm cdoes cnot cresume con ctime cafter cpause
irregular csinus crhythm ccan cbe cassociated cwith cphases cof crespiration c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔During cInspiration, cthe cSinus cNode cfires cfaster
, During cExpiration, cthe cSinus cNode cslows cdown
Depolarization c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the cspread cof cthe celectrical cstimulus cthrough
cthe cheart cmuscle, cproducing cthe cP cwave cfrom cthe catria cand cthe cQRS ccomplex
cfrom cthe cventricles
Repolarization c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the crecovery cof cthe cstimulated cmuscle cto cthe
cresting cstate, cproducing cthe cST csegment, cthe cT cwave, cand cthe cU cwave
Five clead csystem clead cplacement c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔white c- cright carm
black c- cleft carm c
green c- cright cleg
red c- cleft cleg
brown c- cchest
The c6 cchest cleads care... c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔V1—4th cinterspace, cright csternal
cborder
V2—4th cinterspace, cleft csternal cborder
V3—midway cbetween cV2 cand cV4
V4—5th cinterspace, cleft cmidclavicular cline
V5—5th cinterspace, cleft canterior caxillary cline
V6—5th cinterspace, cleft cmidaxillary cline
False chigh crate calarms— c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Patient cturning cin cbed cor cextremity
cmovement. cSolution: cProblem cis cusually cintermittent cand cno ccorrection cis
cnecessary. cMovement cartifact ccan cbe creduced cby cavoiding cplacement cof celectrode
cpads cin careas cwhere cextremity cmovement cis cgreatest c(bony careas csuch cas cthe
cclavicles).
Seizure cactivity ccan calso cproduce chigh cvoltage
artifact cpotentials
False clow crate calarms c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Continuous cstraight cline crelated cto
cdried cconductive cgel, cdisconnected clead cwire, cor cdisconnected celectrode cpad.
cSolution: cCheck celectrode csystem; cre-prep cand creattach celectrodes cand cleads cas
cnecessary. cNote: cA cstraight cline cmay calso cindicate cthe cabsence cof celectrical
cactivity cin cthe cheart; cthe cpatient cmust cbe cevaluated cimmediately cfor cthe cpresence
cof ca cpulse.
Cause: cIntermittent cstraight cline crelated cto cineffective ccontact cbetween cskin cand
celectrode cpad. cSolution: cMake csure chair cis cclipped cand celectrode cpad cis cplaced
con cclean, cdry, cskin; cif cdiaphoresis cis ca cproblem, cprep cskin csurface cwith cliquid
cadhesive, callow cto cdry, cand creapply celectrode cpad.
Electrical cinterference c(AC cinterference) c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Cause: cPatients
cusing celectrical cequipment c(electric
