AQA_2024: A-level History - Component 2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: A-level History - Component 2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) A-level HISTORY Component 2E The English Revolution, 1625–1660 Friday 7 June 2024 Materials For this paper you must have:  an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions Afternoon  Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes  Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/2E.  Answer three questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer two questions. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 80.  You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice  You are advised to spend about: – 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A – 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B. IB/M/Jun24/7042/2E 3 Key areas: 1. The Early Stuart Kings and Tensions with Parliament (1625–1640):  Charles I's Rule: Charles I's belief in absolute monarchy led to tensions with Parliament. His attempts to rule without Parliament, particularly from 1629–1640, caused significant unrest.  Financial Problems: To raise money without Parliament, Charles introduced controversial taxes like Ship Money and attempted to collect taxes illegally, which angered many, especially in the counties. 2. The Long Parliament and the Road to Civil War (1640–1642):  The Long Parliament (1640–1648): After failing to suppress the Scots, Charles I was forced to summon Parliament again in 1640. The Long Parliament immediately moved to limit royal power by abolishing the Star Chamber and other royal prerogatives.  Political Divisions: The Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers) became more polarized over issues of governance, religion, and monarchy. 3. The English Civil War (1642–1646):  Outbreak of War: Tensions between Charles I and Parliament escalated into armed conflict in 1642, with battles like Edgehill (1642) and Marston Moor (1644).  New Model Army: The Parliamentarians, under Oliver Cromwell, formed the New Model Army, a highly disciplined and effective force that played a key role in defeating the Royalists. 4. The Interregnum and the Rise of Cromwell (1646–1660):  Political Conflict: After the defeat of the Royalists, there was conflict within Parliament between Moderates and Radicals (Independents), and with the army led by Cromwell. This led to the Pride's Purge (1648), when the Army removed moderates from Parliament, leading to the creation of the Rump Parliament.  . 5. The Restoration of the Monarchy (1660):  Collapse of the Commonwealth: After Cromwell’s death in 1658, his son Richard Cromwell failed to maintain control, leading to political instability.  Restoration of Charles II: In 1660, with the monarchy in disarray, Charles II was invited back to England from exile, marking the end of the Interregnum and the restoration of the monarchy. 6. Legacy of the Revolution:  Political Change: The English Revolution significantly altered the balance of power between the monarchy and Parliament. While the monarchy was restored in 1660, the conflict had permanently undermined the idea of absolute monarchy.  Religious Impact: The revolution had lasting religious consequences, with the establishment of a Puritan government under Cromwell and the later rise of Religious Toleration in England. IB/M/Jun24/G4006/E4 IB/M/Jun24/7042/2E 7042/2E Turn over ► 4 IB/M/Jun24/7042/2E Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a report to the Duke of Tuscany from his Ambassador in London, April 1625. The report describes the Duke of Buckingham’s relationship with the new king, Charles I. The Duke of Buckingham, although deeply grieved by the loss of James, the late King, his ever generous master, may feel assured that the goodwill and favour of the new King, Charles, will be extended to him, to a greater degree, if that be possible. This is already shown by the clearest evidence. On the evening of Charles’ proclamation as King, as he went to London, in his carriage was Buckingham. Buckingham is with his Majesty Charles all day. He sleeps in a room next to the royal bedchamber and has been confirmed by Charles in all his offices, which are numerous and of the highest importance. He has also been made Gentleman of the Bedchamber and has received the golden key, the emblem of his office, so that he can, whenever he pleases, and at any hour, enter that chamber as well as any other part of the palace occupied by His Majesty. In short, nothing is done by the new King without Buckingham. 5 10 Source B From six questions presented to the House of Commons by Samuel Turner, March 1626. Turner was an opponent of Buckingham. 1. Is the Duke of Buckingham, being Lord High Admiral, not the cause of the loss of the King’s influence at sea? 2. Are the unreasonable, exorbitant, and immense gifts of money and land bestowed on the Duke and his family, not the cause of limiting the King’s revenue? 3. Is the multiplicity of offices conferred upon the Duke, and others depending upon him, not the cause of the evil government of this kingdom? 4. Are not recusants increased by reason of the Duke’s mother and father-in-law being known papists? 5. Are not the sale of honours, offices and places of judges, and ecclesiastical livings and promotions, a scandal and hurt to the kingdom through the same Duke? 6. Is the Duke’s staying at home, being Lord High Admiral of the fleet and General of the land army, not the cause of the failure at Cadiz; and did he give good direction for that attack on Cadiz? 5 10 3 Source C From a speech in the House of Lords by the Duke of Buckingham, June 1626. Buckingham is responding to the impeachment charges brought against him by the House of Commons. I was grieved that these proceedings against me have caused a delay in undertaking our foreign policy this year. As a consequence we have delayed the resolutions that would have comforted our Protestant friends abroad and secured ourselves at home. But, my Lords, I am sure you will easily acquit me in your thoughts as this business is caused by the Commons, not me. Had they made an effort to be better informed, or allowed me to inform them, I assure myself they would not have troubled your Lordships with this charge. I presume the Commons proceeded against me out of a zealous affection to do their King and Country service, and not out of envy of my reputation or to destroy my fortune. I freely confess that I have been raised to honours and fortunes beyond my merits. What I lacked in experience, I have endeavoured to supply by care and industry. I have not obtained my position to satisfy my ambition or make a profit. 5 10 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the influence of the Duke of Buckingham in 1625/26. [30 marks] Turn over for Section B IB/M/Jun24/7042/2E Turn over ► 6 IB/M/Jun24/7042/2E Section B Answer two questions. 0 2 How important was the role of Pym, in the years 1640 to 1642, in the outbreak of the Civil War in England in August 1642? [25 marks] 0 3 ‘The outcome of the First Civil War in England was decided more by the weaknesses of the Royalists than by the strengths of Parliament.’ Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks] 0 4 ‘In the years 1649 to 1653, the political and religious radicals failed to achieve their aims because they had insufficient support.’ Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. A-level HISTORY 7042/2E Component 2E The English Revolution, 16