HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Macular Degeneration - Answer-disease of the macula, the central and most sensitive
section of the retina. Age-related disorder caused by damage to the blood vessels that
nourish the retina. Most common is dry macular degeneration as fatty deposits increase
the blood supply to the retina resulting in its gradual thinning
Myopia - Answer-nearsightedness
Presbyopia - Answer-farsightedness caused by loss of lens elasticity causing light rays
to focus behind the retina
Strabismus - Answer-disorder in which eyes do not move or focus together caused by
muscle weakness in both eyes
Hearing Loss - Answer-Conductive: sound waves are not conducted to the inner ear
and can usually be corrected with surgery or hearing aid. Sensory: damage to the inner
ear or auditory nerve
Meniere's Disease - Answer-caused by collection of fluid in the labyrinth of the inner ear
and a degeneration of the hair cells in the cochlea and vestibule, Symptoms include
severe vertigo
Otitis Externa - Answer-inflammation of the external auditory canal caused by pathogen.
One form in swimmer's ear
Otitis Media - Answer-inflammation or infection of the middle ear caused by a pathogen.
Usually follows a sore throat because pathogen can travel from the throat to the middle
ear via the Eustachian tube. Secretions from the nose and throat accumulate in the
middle ear resulting in an inflammatory response that shuts the Eustachian tube
Osteoclerosis - Answer-stapes becomes immobile causing conductive hearing loss
Anemia - Answer-inadequate number of RBCs, low hemoglobin levels, or both
Aneurysm - Answer-ballooning out of, or sac-like formation on an artery wall. Disease,
high blood pressure, congenital defects leading to a weakened arterial structure can
cause this defect
, Arteriosclerosis - Answer-also called arteriosclerotic vascular disease, is a hardening or
thickening of the arterial walls, resulting in a loss of elasticity commonly as a result of
aging
Atherosclerosis - Answer-fatty plaques are deposited on the wall of the arteries which
narrows their openings and causes a reduction in blood flow. Angioplasty is used to
remove to compress deposits
Congestive Heart Failure - Answer-condition that occurs when heart muscles do not
beat adequately to supply blood needed by the body
Embolus - Answer-foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream which can caused
blockage
Hemophilia - Answer-inherited disease that occurs almost always in males which keeps
blood from being able to clot
Hypertension - Answer-high blood pressure which a systolic pressure above 140 and
diastolic pressure over 90
Leukemia - Answer-cancer of the bone marrow or lymph tissue which results in a high
number of immature or abnormal WBCs that don't function properly
Myocardial Infarction - Answer-commonly called a heart attack, occurs when blockage
in the coronary arteries cuts off supply of blood to the heart
Phlebitis - Answer-inflammation of the vein, frequently in the leg caused by a clot
usually due to prolonged immobility
Varicose Veins - Answer-gnarled, dilated veins that have lost elasticity and cause
stasis, or decreased blood flow. Usually occur in the legs as a result of pregnancy
obesity, etc.
Adenitis - Answer-inflammation or infection of the lymph nodes usually occurring when
large quantities of harmful substances enter the nodes and infect the tissue
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answer-most common form of lymphoma, a chronic, malignant
disease of the lymph nodes with symptoms such as painless swelling of lymph nodes,
fever, night sweats, etc.
Lymphangitis - Answer-inflammation of lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from a
pathogenic organisms entering the vessels through a skin wound. Infection spreads
through lymph channels causing red streaks up arms and legs
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Macular Degeneration - Answer-disease of the macula, the central and most sensitive
section of the retina. Age-related disorder caused by damage to the blood vessels that
nourish the retina. Most common is dry macular degeneration as fatty deposits increase
the blood supply to the retina resulting in its gradual thinning
Myopia - Answer-nearsightedness
Presbyopia - Answer-farsightedness caused by loss of lens elasticity causing light rays
to focus behind the retina
Strabismus - Answer-disorder in which eyes do not move or focus together caused by
muscle weakness in both eyes
Hearing Loss - Answer-Conductive: sound waves are not conducted to the inner ear
and can usually be corrected with surgery or hearing aid. Sensory: damage to the inner
ear or auditory nerve
Meniere's Disease - Answer-caused by collection of fluid in the labyrinth of the inner ear
and a degeneration of the hair cells in the cochlea and vestibule, Symptoms include
severe vertigo
Otitis Externa - Answer-inflammation of the external auditory canal caused by pathogen.
One form in swimmer's ear
Otitis Media - Answer-inflammation or infection of the middle ear caused by a pathogen.
Usually follows a sore throat because pathogen can travel from the throat to the middle
ear via the Eustachian tube. Secretions from the nose and throat accumulate in the
middle ear resulting in an inflammatory response that shuts the Eustachian tube
Osteoclerosis - Answer-stapes becomes immobile causing conductive hearing loss
Anemia - Answer-inadequate number of RBCs, low hemoglobin levels, or both
Aneurysm - Answer-ballooning out of, or sac-like formation on an artery wall. Disease,
high blood pressure, congenital defects leading to a weakened arterial structure can
cause this defect
, Arteriosclerosis - Answer-also called arteriosclerotic vascular disease, is a hardening or
thickening of the arterial walls, resulting in a loss of elasticity commonly as a result of
aging
Atherosclerosis - Answer-fatty plaques are deposited on the wall of the arteries which
narrows their openings and causes a reduction in blood flow. Angioplasty is used to
remove to compress deposits
Congestive Heart Failure - Answer-condition that occurs when heart muscles do not
beat adequately to supply blood needed by the body
Embolus - Answer-foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream which can caused
blockage
Hemophilia - Answer-inherited disease that occurs almost always in males which keeps
blood from being able to clot
Hypertension - Answer-high blood pressure which a systolic pressure above 140 and
diastolic pressure over 90
Leukemia - Answer-cancer of the bone marrow or lymph tissue which results in a high
number of immature or abnormal WBCs that don't function properly
Myocardial Infarction - Answer-commonly called a heart attack, occurs when blockage
in the coronary arteries cuts off supply of blood to the heart
Phlebitis - Answer-inflammation of the vein, frequently in the leg caused by a clot
usually due to prolonged immobility
Varicose Veins - Answer-gnarled, dilated veins that have lost elasticity and cause
stasis, or decreased blood flow. Usually occur in the legs as a result of pregnancy
obesity, etc.
Adenitis - Answer-inflammation or infection of the lymph nodes usually occurring when
large quantities of harmful substances enter the nodes and infect the tissue
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answer-most common form of lymphoma, a chronic, malignant
disease of the lymph nodes with symptoms such as painless swelling of lymph nodes,
fever, night sweats, etc.
Lymphangitis - Answer-inflammation of lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from a
pathogenic organisms entering the vessels through a skin wound. Infection spreads
through lymph channels causing red streaks up arms and legs
