ENS 331 Final Exam 4 Questions With Complete Verified Solutions.

Micronutrients vs macronutrients - Answer Micronutrients = vitamins and minerals; only need a small amount Macronutrients = carbohydrate, fat, and protein Complex carbohydrates vs simple sugar - Answer Complex carbs = beans, rice, whole grain products, potatoes, corn; they come with important nutrients and fiber Simple sugar = glucose, fructose, and sucrose; has energy but few nutrients Fat - Answer - the most efficient way to store energy - unsaturated fats are recommended over saturated fats (found in meat & dairy products) Protein - Answer - provides essential amino acids that the body can't synthesize - only about 5 to 10% of energy needs, but important for vigorous training to preserve muscles What percent of carbs, fat, and protein should make up total calories for an active person? - Answer - 55-60% carbs - 25-30% fats with less than 1/3 from saturated fats - 15% protein Vitamins - Answer Many functions essential for life and health; important for immune system, preventing heart disease & cancer, etc Minerals - Answer Important for enzyme and cellular activity, hormones, bones, muscle, & nerve activity Iron - Answer Important for active ppl bc it helps oxygen in blood Calcium - Answer Also important for active ppl bc it helps with bone density and preventing fractures and osteoporosis Fluids - Answer inactive ppl need ~2.5 liters a day