Nagelhout PHARM 1 EXAM 2 |59
Questions and Answers
Which gasses are halogenated ethers? - -A. Desflurane
B. Isoflurane
C. Sevoflurane
- Which gas is an inorganic molecule? - -B. Nitrous oxide
- Cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is increased or decreased by
inhalationals? - -Decreased
- ICP is increased or decreased by anesthetic gases? - -Increased, due to
cerebral vasodilation
- How can the ICP effects of the anesthetic gases be counteracted? - -
Hyperventilation
- What effects do anesthetic gases have on intra-ocular pressure? - -
Decreased
- What other effects do inhaled anesthetics have on the CNS and ANS? - -I.
They cause amnesia
II. They offer cerebral protection
III. They decrease SSEP's
- Which gas most causes tachycardia? - -Desflurane
- Which gas does not cause decreased in blood pressure? - -Nitrous Oxide
- What are mechanisms (5) for decreased blood pressure? - -A. CNS
depression
B. Direct cardiac depression
C. Decrease renin or vasopressin release
D. Baroreceptor depression
E. Decreased SVR
- What is the max safe dose of epinephrine? - -1: 100,000 strength
10ml (0.1mg) per 10 min period
30ml (0.3mg) per hour total
- Which gas does not bronchodilate or cause respiratory depression? - -
Nitrous Oxide
, - On respiratory:
Anesthetic gases will depress___ before depressing ___? - -TIDAL VOLUME
before RATE
- With patients with renal disease, which gas should be avoided? - -
Sevoflurane, due to compound A
- What effect do all anesthetics gases (except N20) have on urine output? -
-Decrease, due to decrease in GFR
- Which gas suppresses the bone marrow and immune system? - -Nitrous
oxide
- How does N2O suppress the immune system and marrow? - -By inhibiting
methionine synthase & vitamin B12
- Which gas in teratogenic (contraindicated in pregnancy)? - -Nitrous Oxide
- Which anesthetic gas produces the most carbon monoxide when used with
a dessicated CO2 absorber? - -Desflurane
- Gas anesthetics are ____ Mimetic - -GABA
- What is GABA? - -1. gamma-aminobutyric acid
2. It is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
3. Binds to GABA receptor, allowing Cl- to diffuse into the neurons and
inhibiting the generation of action potential by lowering membrane potential
(hyperpolarization)
- Which anesthetic gas forms compound A when interacting with soda lyme?
- -Sevoflurane
- Which gas is used most commonly in pediatrics? - -Sevoflurane
- Which is the only gas with analgesia properties? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which gas is emetic (causing N&V)? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which gas expands in closed spaces? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which is the only gas that undergoes any significant hepatic metabolism? -
-Sevoflurane (5-8%) , F ion released
- Which IV induction agents have the longest elimination ½ life? - -
Thiopental and Diazepam
Questions and Answers
Which gasses are halogenated ethers? - -A. Desflurane
B. Isoflurane
C. Sevoflurane
- Which gas is an inorganic molecule? - -B. Nitrous oxide
- Cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is increased or decreased by
inhalationals? - -Decreased
- ICP is increased or decreased by anesthetic gases? - -Increased, due to
cerebral vasodilation
- How can the ICP effects of the anesthetic gases be counteracted? - -
Hyperventilation
- What effects do anesthetic gases have on intra-ocular pressure? - -
Decreased
- What other effects do inhaled anesthetics have on the CNS and ANS? - -I.
They cause amnesia
II. They offer cerebral protection
III. They decrease SSEP's
- Which gas most causes tachycardia? - -Desflurane
- Which gas does not cause decreased in blood pressure? - -Nitrous Oxide
- What are mechanisms (5) for decreased blood pressure? - -A. CNS
depression
B. Direct cardiac depression
C. Decrease renin or vasopressin release
D. Baroreceptor depression
E. Decreased SVR
- What is the max safe dose of epinephrine? - -1: 100,000 strength
10ml (0.1mg) per 10 min period
30ml (0.3mg) per hour total
- Which gas does not bronchodilate or cause respiratory depression? - -
Nitrous Oxide
, - On respiratory:
Anesthetic gases will depress___ before depressing ___? - -TIDAL VOLUME
before RATE
- With patients with renal disease, which gas should be avoided? - -
Sevoflurane, due to compound A
- What effect do all anesthetics gases (except N20) have on urine output? -
-Decrease, due to decrease in GFR
- Which gas suppresses the bone marrow and immune system? - -Nitrous
oxide
- How does N2O suppress the immune system and marrow? - -By inhibiting
methionine synthase & vitamin B12
- Which gas in teratogenic (contraindicated in pregnancy)? - -Nitrous Oxide
- Which anesthetic gas produces the most carbon monoxide when used with
a dessicated CO2 absorber? - -Desflurane
- Gas anesthetics are ____ Mimetic - -GABA
- What is GABA? - -1. gamma-aminobutyric acid
2. It is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
3. Binds to GABA receptor, allowing Cl- to diffuse into the neurons and
inhibiting the generation of action potential by lowering membrane potential
(hyperpolarization)
- Which anesthetic gas forms compound A when interacting with soda lyme?
- -Sevoflurane
- Which gas is used most commonly in pediatrics? - -Sevoflurane
- Which is the only gas with analgesia properties? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which gas is emetic (causing N&V)? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which gas expands in closed spaces? - -Nitrous oxide
- Which is the only gas that undergoes any significant hepatic metabolism? -
-Sevoflurane (5-8%) , F ion released
- Which IV induction agents have the longest elimination ½ life? - -
Thiopental and Diazepam
