NAGELHOUT PHARM 1- EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE
General Cardiac Effects of Opiates - ANSWER-Little to no effect
Minimal bradycardia
Effects more pronounced in shock or ambulating patients
Groups of Endogenous Opioid Peptides (5) - ANSWER-1. Enkephalins
a. Leu-enkephalin
b. Met-enkephalin
2. β -Endorphin
3. Dynorphins
a. Dynorphin
b. α-Neoendorphin
4. Endomorphin 1 and Endomorphin 2
5. Nociceptin
Precursor to Enkephalins - ANSWER-Proenkephalin A
Precursor to β-Endophins - ANSWER-Pro-opiomelanocortin (Pro-OMC)
Precursor to Dynorphins - ANSWER-Prodynorphin
Precursor to Endomorpins 1 & 2 - ANSWER-Unknown
Precursor to Nociceptin - ANSWER-Pronociceptin
Location of endogenous opioid peptides - ANSWER-Brain & Spinal cord
(second highest concentration in GI)
Analgesic mechanism of action of opioids - ANSWER-Actives opioid receptors on pre-
synaptic "pain pathway" nerve → prevents release of substance P (or
bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve
Analgesic mechanism of action of endogenous endorphins - ANSWER-Endorphins
released from pre-synaptic "pain relieving" nerve → pre-synaptic "pain producing nerve"
→ prevents release of substance P (or bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve
3 classes of opiate receptors - ANSWER-1. Mu µ
2. Kappa κ
3. Delta δ
, Mu receptors effects (11) - ANSWER-1. Analgesia (supraspinal and spinal) (Mu-1 in
animals)
2. Euphoria & sedation
3. Physical dependence
4. Depression of respirations (Mu-2 in animals)
5. Miosis
6. Constipation
7. Urinary retention
8. Bradycardia
9. Pruritus
10. Skeletal rigidity
11. Biliary spasm
Kappa receptor effects (6) - ANSWER-1. Analgesia (spinal & supraspinal)
2. DYSPHORIA
3. Sedation
4. Low abuse potential
5. Miosis
6. ANTI-SHIVERING
Synthetic Phenanthrene Alkaloids (4) - ANSWER-Morphinan derivatives
1. Levorphanol
2. Butorphanol
3. Nalbuphine
Benzomorphans
1. Pentazocine
Piperidine Derivatives - Phenylpiperidines (2) - ANSWER-1. Meperidine
2. Loperamide
Piperidine Derivates - 4-Anilidopiperideines (4) - ANSWER-1. Fentanyl
2. Sufentanil
3. Alfentanil
4. Remifentanil
Diphenylheptanes (1) - ANSWER-Methadone (good for chronic pain patients)
Histamine releasing opioids - ANSWER-1. Morphine (Phenanthrene alkaloid)
2. Codeine (Phenanthrene alkaloid)
3. Meperidine (Phenylpiperidines)
Cross allergic reactions occur within ___ - ANSWER-Classes
Order of opioid potency (weakest to strongest) - ANSWER-Codeine (Weakest)
Demerol
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE
General Cardiac Effects of Opiates - ANSWER-Little to no effect
Minimal bradycardia
Effects more pronounced in shock or ambulating patients
Groups of Endogenous Opioid Peptides (5) - ANSWER-1. Enkephalins
a. Leu-enkephalin
b. Met-enkephalin
2. β -Endorphin
3. Dynorphins
a. Dynorphin
b. α-Neoendorphin
4. Endomorphin 1 and Endomorphin 2
5. Nociceptin
Precursor to Enkephalins - ANSWER-Proenkephalin A
Precursor to β-Endophins - ANSWER-Pro-opiomelanocortin (Pro-OMC)
Precursor to Dynorphins - ANSWER-Prodynorphin
Precursor to Endomorpins 1 & 2 - ANSWER-Unknown
Precursor to Nociceptin - ANSWER-Pronociceptin
Location of endogenous opioid peptides - ANSWER-Brain & Spinal cord
(second highest concentration in GI)
Analgesic mechanism of action of opioids - ANSWER-Actives opioid receptors on pre-
synaptic "pain pathway" nerve → prevents release of substance P (or
bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve
Analgesic mechanism of action of endogenous endorphins - ANSWER-Endorphins
released from pre-synaptic "pain relieving" nerve → pre-synaptic "pain producing nerve"
→ prevents release of substance P (or bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve
3 classes of opiate receptors - ANSWER-1. Mu µ
2. Kappa κ
3. Delta δ
, Mu receptors effects (11) - ANSWER-1. Analgesia (supraspinal and spinal) (Mu-1 in
animals)
2. Euphoria & sedation
3. Physical dependence
4. Depression of respirations (Mu-2 in animals)
5. Miosis
6. Constipation
7. Urinary retention
8. Bradycardia
9. Pruritus
10. Skeletal rigidity
11. Biliary spasm
Kappa receptor effects (6) - ANSWER-1. Analgesia (spinal & supraspinal)
2. DYSPHORIA
3. Sedation
4. Low abuse potential
5. Miosis
6. ANTI-SHIVERING
Synthetic Phenanthrene Alkaloids (4) - ANSWER-Morphinan derivatives
1. Levorphanol
2. Butorphanol
3. Nalbuphine
Benzomorphans
1. Pentazocine
Piperidine Derivatives - Phenylpiperidines (2) - ANSWER-1. Meperidine
2. Loperamide
Piperidine Derivates - 4-Anilidopiperideines (4) - ANSWER-1. Fentanyl
2. Sufentanil
3. Alfentanil
4. Remifentanil
Diphenylheptanes (1) - ANSWER-Methadone (good for chronic pain patients)
Histamine releasing opioids - ANSWER-1. Morphine (Phenanthrene alkaloid)
2. Codeine (Phenanthrene alkaloid)
3. Meperidine (Phenylpiperidines)
Cross allergic reactions occur within ___ - ANSWER-Classes
Order of opioid potency (weakest to strongest) - ANSWER-Codeine (Weakest)
Demerol
