Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 4th Edition By Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance Chapter 1-42 Complete Guide A+

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
v v v

Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLEvCHOICE

1. Avstudentvisvobservingvavcellvundervthevmicroscope.vItvisvobservedvtovhavevsupercoiledvDNAv
withvhistones.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvwouldvalsovbevobservedvbyvthevstudent?
a. Avsinglevcircularvchromosome
b. Avnucleus
c. Free-floatingvnuclearvmaterial
d. Novorganelles

ANS:v B
Thevcellvdescribedvisvaveukaryoticvcell,vsovitvhasvhistonesvandvavsupercoiledvDNAvwithinvitsvnucl
eus;vthus,vthevnucleusvshouldvbevobserved.vAvsinglevcircularvchromosomevcalledvavprokaryotevc
ontainsvfree-floatingvnuclearvmaterialvbutvhasvnovorganelles.

REF:v p.v2

2. Avnursevisvinstructingvthevstaffvaboutvcellularvfunctions.vWhichvcellularvfunctionvisvthevnursevd
escribingvwhenvanvisolatedvcellvabsorbsvoxygenvandvusesvitvtovtransformvnutrientsvtovenergy?
a. Metabolicvabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:v D
Thevcell’svabilityvtovabsorbvoxygenvisvreferredvtovasvrespirationvwhilevitsvcommunicationvabilityvinvol
vesvmaintenancevofvavsteadyvdynamicvstate,vmetabolicvabsorptionvprovidesvnutrition,vandvsecretionva
llowsvforvthevsynthesizingvofvnewvsubstances.

REF:v p.v2

3. AveukaryoticvcellvisvundergoingvDNAvreplication.vInvwhichvregionvofvthevcellvwouldvmostvofvt
hevgeneticvinformationvbevcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusvCytoplasm
ANS:v C
Thevregionvofvthevcellvthatvcontainsvgeneticvmaterial,vincludingvavlargevamountvofvribonucleicvaci
d,vmostvofvthevDNA,vandvDNA-
bindingvproteins,visvthevnucleolus,vwhichvisvlocatedvwithinvthevcell’svnucleus.vMitochondriavisva
ssociatedvwithvcellularvrespiration,vwhilevribosomesvarevinvolvedvwithvproteinvmanufacturing.v
Cytoplasmvisvavfluidvfillingvthatvisvavcomponentvofvthevcell.

REF:v p.v2

,4. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvremovevproteinsvattachedvtovthevcell’svbilayervbyvdissolvingvthevl
ayervitself?
a. Peripheralvmembranevproteins
b. Integralvmembranevproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellvadhesionvmolecules
ANS:v B
Proteinsvdirectlyvattachedvtovthevmembranevbilayervcanvbevremovedvbyvthevactionvofvintegralvme
mbranevproteinsvthatvdissolvevthevbilayer.vPeripheralvmembranevproteinsvresidevatvthevsurfacevw
hilevcellvadhesionvmoleculesvarevonvthevoutsidevofvthevmembrane.vGlycoproteinvmarksvcellsvand
vdoesvnotvfloat.




REF:v p.v7

5. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvbindvtovplasmavmembranevreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicvlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:v D
Ligandsvarevthevonlyvspecificvmoleculesvthatvcanvbindvwithvreceptorsvonvthevcellvmembrane.

REF:v p.v9

6. Avnursevisvreviewingvavreportvfromvavpatientvwithvmetastaticvcancer.vWhatvalternationvinvtheve
xtracellularvmatrixvwouldvs uNp p oRr t vt hIe vdG
iagnBo.
siC
svofM
metastaticvcancer?
a. Decreasedvfibronectin
U vSvNvT


b. Increasedvcollagen
c. Decreasedvelastin
d. Increasedvglycoproteins
ANS:v A
Onlyvavreducedvamountvofvfibronectinvisvfoundvinvsomevtypesvofvcancerousvcells,vallowingvthemv
tovtravelvorvmetastasize.

REF:v p.v10

7. Whichvformvofvcellvcommunicationvisvusedvtovrelatevtovothervcellsvinvdirectvphysicalvcontact?
a. Cellvjunction
b. Gapvjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightvjunction

ANS:v A
Cellvjunctionsvholdvcellsvtogethervandvpermitvmoleculesvtovpassvfromvcellvtovcell.
Gapvjunctionsvallowvforvcellularvcommunicationvbetweenvcells.vNeithervdesmosomesvnorvtightvjuncti
onsvarevassociatedvwithvcellularvcommunication.

REF:v p.v11

,8. Pancreaticvbetavcellsvsecretevinsulin,vwhichvinhibitsvsecretionvofvglucagonvfromvneighboringv
alphavcells.vThisvactionvisvanvexamplevofvwhichvofvthevfollowingvsignalingvtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:v A
Paracrinevsignalingvinvolvesvthevreleasevofvlocalvchemicalvmediatorsvthatvarevquicklyvtakenvup,vd
estroyed,vorvimmobilized,vasvinvthevcasevofvinsulinvandvthevinhibitionvofvthevsecretionvofvglucago
n.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvinvolvevsignalingvthatvisvassociatedvwithvavlocalvchemicalvmediatorv
likevinsulin.

REF:v p.v12

9. Invcellularvmetabolism,veachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforva:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:v B
Eachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforvavsubstrate,vavspecificvsubstancevconvertedvtovavproductvofvt
hevreaction.vCellularvmetabolismvisvnotvdependentvonvanvattractionvbetweenvanvenzymevandvany
vofvthevremainingvoptions.




REF:v v p.v16

, Anvathletevrunsvavmarathon,vaftervwhichvhisvmusclesvfeelvfatiguedvan
dvunablevtovcontract.vThevathletevasksvthevnursevwhyvthisvhappened.vTh
evnurse’svresponsevisvbasedvonvthevknowledgevthatvthevproblemvisvresul
tvofvavdeficiencyvof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:v C
WhenvATPvisvdeficient,vimpairedvmusclevcontractionvresults.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvarevinvo
lvedvinvmusclevcontraction.

REF:v p.v16

10. WhichvphasevofvcatabolismvproducesvthevmostvATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricvacidvcycle
ANS:v D
WhilevsomevATPvisvproducedvduringvthevoxidationvandvglycolysisvphases,vmostvofvthevATPvisvgenera
tedvduringvthevcitricvacidvcycle.vDigestionvdoesvnotvproducevanyvATP.