Unit 51: Civil Engineering
Construction Assignment
2
Stephen O’Brien
,Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................3
Task 1...........................................................................................................................3
Common Forms of Substructure...............................................................................3
Strip Foundations..................................................................................................3
Raft Foundations...................................................................................................4
Pad Foundations...................................................................................................4
Piled Foundations..................................................................................................5
Task 2...........................................................................................................................5
Drainage Techniques for Substructures...................................................................5
Drainage to Prevent Subsoil Water Ingress..........................................................6
Public Utilities............................................................................................................6
Primary Services...................................................................................................6
Integrating Public Utilities......................................................................................6
Task 3...........................................................................................................................9
Plant Requirements for Concrete and Steel Frames................................................9
360 Excavator........................................................................................................9
Dumper Truck......................................................................................................10
Tower Cranes......................................................................................................11
Backhoe Loader..................................................................................................12
Bulldozer..............................................................................................................13
Task 4.........................................................................................................................14
Framed Structures..................................................................................................14
Concrete Frames.................................................................................................14
Steel Frames.......................................................................................................15
Timber Frames....................................................................................................16
Conclusion...............................................................................................................17
Bibliography................................................................................................................18
, Introduction
The following document will describe the forms of substructure commonly used for
commercial and industrial civil engineering projects and explain how drainage and
public utilities are integrated into substructures. It will describe the construction plant
and equipment used to erect steel and concrete frames and explain the use of steel
and concrete frames in superstructures. The document will then assess the merits
and demerits of common forms of construction for substructures. It will relay the
construction plant and equipment used in the construction of frames to the materials
used and the site conditions encountered. Finally appraising the various civil
engineering construction methods used for framed structures with deep foundations.
Task 1
Common Forms of Substructure
There are many various forms of substructure that are commonly used for
commercial and industrial civil engineering projects. Below is a brief overview of
them such as where and how they’re used plus an assessment of the merits and
demerits of them including the reason for their use in terms of feasibility.
Strip Foundations
Strip foundations are commonly used in low and medium rise residential buildings
such as houses. They are most suitable for soil with a good bearing capacity and are
chosen because they’re relatively cheap and easy to build and provide sufficient
support for the building. Strip foundations are made of a continuous strip (usually
made of concrete) that is formed under load bearing walls. The width of a strip
foundation depends on the subsoil, for example, wide strip foundations can be used
if the soil is too soft or has a low bearing capacity so the width can help spread the
load over a larger area.
Construction Assignment
2
Stephen O’Brien
,Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................3
Task 1...........................................................................................................................3
Common Forms of Substructure...............................................................................3
Strip Foundations..................................................................................................3
Raft Foundations...................................................................................................4
Pad Foundations...................................................................................................4
Piled Foundations..................................................................................................5
Task 2...........................................................................................................................5
Drainage Techniques for Substructures...................................................................5
Drainage to Prevent Subsoil Water Ingress..........................................................6
Public Utilities............................................................................................................6
Primary Services...................................................................................................6
Integrating Public Utilities......................................................................................6
Task 3...........................................................................................................................9
Plant Requirements for Concrete and Steel Frames................................................9
360 Excavator........................................................................................................9
Dumper Truck......................................................................................................10
Tower Cranes......................................................................................................11
Backhoe Loader..................................................................................................12
Bulldozer..............................................................................................................13
Task 4.........................................................................................................................14
Framed Structures..................................................................................................14
Concrete Frames.................................................................................................14
Steel Frames.......................................................................................................15
Timber Frames....................................................................................................16
Conclusion...............................................................................................................17
Bibliography................................................................................................................18
, Introduction
The following document will describe the forms of substructure commonly used for
commercial and industrial civil engineering projects and explain how drainage and
public utilities are integrated into substructures. It will describe the construction plant
and equipment used to erect steel and concrete frames and explain the use of steel
and concrete frames in superstructures. The document will then assess the merits
and demerits of common forms of construction for substructures. It will relay the
construction plant and equipment used in the construction of frames to the materials
used and the site conditions encountered. Finally appraising the various civil
engineering construction methods used for framed structures with deep foundations.
Task 1
Common Forms of Substructure
There are many various forms of substructure that are commonly used for
commercial and industrial civil engineering projects. Below is a brief overview of
them such as where and how they’re used plus an assessment of the merits and
demerits of them including the reason for their use in terms of feasibility.
Strip Foundations
Strip foundations are commonly used in low and medium rise residential buildings
such as houses. They are most suitable for soil with a good bearing capacity and are
chosen because they’re relatively cheap and easy to build and provide sufficient
support for the building. Strip foundations are made of a continuous strip (usually
made of concrete) that is formed under load bearing walls. The width of a strip
foundation depends on the subsoil, for example, wide strip foundations can be used
if the soil is too soft or has a low bearing capacity so the width can help spread the
load over a larger area.
