EOR WOMEN'S HEALTH FINAL EXAM PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on a pregnancy - ✔✔Not smoking is
essential to a healthy pregnancy and birth. The CDC reports that smoking before and
during pregnancy is the single most preventable cause of illness and death among
mothers and infants.
Women who smoke before pregnancy are twice as likely to experience a delay in
conception and have a 30% increased risk of being infertile compared with nonsmoking
women. Women who smoke during pregnancy are also twice as likely to experience
complications including premature rupture of membranes, early separation of the
placenta from the uterus, and blockage of the cervix by the placenta.
The CDC also reports that babies born to women who smoke during pregnancy have a
30% increased risk of being born premature or of low birthweight, and are more likely to
die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS.)
✔✔prenatal tests-when they are done, what they are looking for. - ✔✔Maternal serum
screening tests examine blood for abnormal levels of substances linked with certain
birth defects such as Down syndrome and neural tube defects. This group of tests
includes maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening (MSAFP), which measures a
substance produced by the fetal kidneys between the thirteenth and twentieth weeks of
pregnancy.
Detailed ultrasound exams are usually done after 18 weeks of pregnancy and allow for
a more extensive view of the baby's organs and features.
✔✔the main three main complications of pregnancy - ✔✔(miscarriage, ectopic,
prematurity).
✔✔how to reduce the chances of a low birth weight baby - ✔✔Low birthweight is
defined as a birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), and it and the period of
gestation are the most important predictors of an infant's subsequent health and
survival. Because of their much greater risk of death, infants born at the lowest
birthweights and gestational ages have a large impact on overall U.S. infant mortality.
Infants weighing less than 1,000 grams accounted for only 0.8% of births but nearly
one-half of all infant deaths in the United States. A similar pattern is seen with infant
gestation data. Only 0.8% of births occurred at less than 28 weeks of gestation, but they
accounted for nearly one-half of all infant deaths.
✔✔the benefits of breastfeeding for mother - ✔✔For mother
Uterus returns to normal size more quickly
Return to prepregnancy weight more quickly
Lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer, osteoporosis
, ✔✔the nutritional needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding - ✔✔Breast milk is highly
nutritious, providing all of the nutrients that a growing baby needs. It is ideal as a baby's
sole source of nutrients for the first six months of life. In addition, breast milk contains
enzymes to aid in the infant's digestion as well as antibodies to protect against infection.
Evidence has shown that breastfed infants have less frequency and severity of diarrhea;
fewer cases of upper respiratory, ear, and even urinary infections; and fewer
hospitalizations and doctor's visits. Many studies show the possibilities of breast milk
protecting against type 1 diabetes (childhood-onset diabetes), Crohn's disease, SIDS,
chronic digestive disease, and childhood cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia.
Breastfeeding is also believed to bestow cognitive benefits.
✔✔the function of amniotic fluid - ✔✔The amniotic fluid provides protection from shocks
and bumps and helps maintain a homeostatic, or constant, environment for the
developing embryo. A primitive placenta soon forms.
✔✔how fertilization takes place in what order - ✔✔Within 36 hours of fertilization: Cell
division of zygote
Within 3 to 5 days: Reaches uterus and is known as a blastocyte
1 to 2 days: Blastocyte floats freely before implanting in uterus
Terms
First 8 weeks: Known as embryo
9 weeks to birth: Known as fetus
✔✔why menopause is now first being studied as compared to previous decades. - ✔✔It
was not until the twentieth century that the life expectancy of US women reached a
point where most women lived much beyond menopause; today most women will live a
third or more of their lives postmenopausally.
✔✔Menopause - ✔✔the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the
biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
✔✔premenopausal - ✔✔stage immediately before menopause where physical changes
begin to occur
✔✔postmenopausal - ✔✔life after the final menstrual period
✔✔surgical menopause - ✔✔...Surgical removal of both ovaries, usually during a
hysterectomy
✔✔complete/partial hysterectomy - ✔✔Partial: Only the uterus is removed
Total: both the uterus and the cervix removed
✔✔the health effects of Menopause-both short term - ✔✔ShortTerm:
Hot flashes
Depression
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on a pregnancy - ✔✔Not smoking is
essential to a healthy pregnancy and birth. The CDC reports that smoking before and
during pregnancy is the single most preventable cause of illness and death among
mothers and infants.
Women who smoke before pregnancy are twice as likely to experience a delay in
conception and have a 30% increased risk of being infertile compared with nonsmoking
women. Women who smoke during pregnancy are also twice as likely to experience
complications including premature rupture of membranes, early separation of the
placenta from the uterus, and blockage of the cervix by the placenta.
The CDC also reports that babies born to women who smoke during pregnancy have a
30% increased risk of being born premature or of low birthweight, and are more likely to
die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS.)
✔✔prenatal tests-when they are done, what they are looking for. - ✔✔Maternal serum
screening tests examine blood for abnormal levels of substances linked with certain
birth defects such as Down syndrome and neural tube defects. This group of tests
includes maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening (MSAFP), which measures a
substance produced by the fetal kidneys between the thirteenth and twentieth weeks of
pregnancy.
Detailed ultrasound exams are usually done after 18 weeks of pregnancy and allow for
a more extensive view of the baby's organs and features.
✔✔the main three main complications of pregnancy - ✔✔(miscarriage, ectopic,
prematurity).
✔✔how to reduce the chances of a low birth weight baby - ✔✔Low birthweight is
defined as a birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), and it and the period of
gestation are the most important predictors of an infant's subsequent health and
survival. Because of their much greater risk of death, infants born at the lowest
birthweights and gestational ages have a large impact on overall U.S. infant mortality.
Infants weighing less than 1,000 grams accounted for only 0.8% of births but nearly
one-half of all infant deaths in the United States. A similar pattern is seen with infant
gestation data. Only 0.8% of births occurred at less than 28 weeks of gestation, but they
accounted for nearly one-half of all infant deaths.
✔✔the benefits of breastfeeding for mother - ✔✔For mother
Uterus returns to normal size more quickly
Return to prepregnancy weight more quickly
Lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer, osteoporosis
, ✔✔the nutritional needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding - ✔✔Breast milk is highly
nutritious, providing all of the nutrients that a growing baby needs. It is ideal as a baby's
sole source of nutrients for the first six months of life. In addition, breast milk contains
enzymes to aid in the infant's digestion as well as antibodies to protect against infection.
Evidence has shown that breastfed infants have less frequency and severity of diarrhea;
fewer cases of upper respiratory, ear, and even urinary infections; and fewer
hospitalizations and doctor's visits. Many studies show the possibilities of breast milk
protecting against type 1 diabetes (childhood-onset diabetes), Crohn's disease, SIDS,
chronic digestive disease, and childhood cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia.
Breastfeeding is also believed to bestow cognitive benefits.
✔✔the function of amniotic fluid - ✔✔The amniotic fluid provides protection from shocks
and bumps and helps maintain a homeostatic, or constant, environment for the
developing embryo. A primitive placenta soon forms.
✔✔how fertilization takes place in what order - ✔✔Within 36 hours of fertilization: Cell
division of zygote
Within 3 to 5 days: Reaches uterus and is known as a blastocyte
1 to 2 days: Blastocyte floats freely before implanting in uterus
Terms
First 8 weeks: Known as embryo
9 weeks to birth: Known as fetus
✔✔why menopause is now first being studied as compared to previous decades. - ✔✔It
was not until the twentieth century that the life expectancy of US women reached a
point where most women lived much beyond menopause; today most women will live a
third or more of their lives postmenopausally.
✔✔Menopause - ✔✔the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the
biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
✔✔premenopausal - ✔✔stage immediately before menopause where physical changes
begin to occur
✔✔postmenopausal - ✔✔life after the final menstrual period
✔✔surgical menopause - ✔✔...Surgical removal of both ovaries, usually during a
hysterectomy
✔✔complete/partial hysterectomy - ✔✔Partial: Only the uterus is removed
Total: both the uterus and the cervix removed
✔✔the health effects of Menopause-both short term - ✔✔ShortTerm:
Hot flashes
Depression
