Exam (elaborations) Psychology

,Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of
functionalism?
A. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. B.F. Skinner
D. Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWERS-William James

Which type of psychologists study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological
disorders?
A. school
B. clinical
C. personality
D. cognitive - CORRECT ANSWERS-clinical

This early school of psychology used introspection to study subjective mental
experiences:
A. functionalism
B. cognitive
C. behavioral
D. structuralism - CORRECT ANSWERS-structuralism

It is announced that the number of minority students in a particular program has
increased by 200% in the past four years. In order to judge the importance of this
increase, the most important question that you should ask is:
A. how many minority students were in the program four years ago
B. what was the definition of minority student
C. how were the data graphed
D. how was the percent increase calculated - CORRECT ANSWERS-how many
minority students were in the program four years ago

The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations
for psychological phenomena is that:
A. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making
conclusions
B. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making
conclusions
C. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions
D. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
conclusions - CORRECT ANSWERS-critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific
support for making conclusions

Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:
A. uses inferences but does not solve problems
B. criticizes others' opinions
C. is open-minded and creative

, D. is systematic and reasonable - CORRECT ANSWERS-is systematic and reasonable

When researchers report a measure of central tendency, they might present:
A. the median
B. the correlation coefficient
C. the standard deviation
D. inferential statistics - CORRECT ANSWERS-the median

Four early psychologists suddenly appear in the psychology department of an American
university. Which psychologist would be most dismayed by the emphasis on mental
processes in today's psychology?
A. John Watson
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Wilhelm Wundt
D. Edward Titchener - CORRECT ANSWERS-John Watson

The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers:
A. are based on the idea that much of human behavoior is determined by mental
processes operating below the level of conscious awareness
B. state that behavior can be altered by the application of reinforcement and
punishment
C. emphasize the functions served by the mind
D. emphasize the concept that the whole is different than the sum of its parts -
CORRECT ANSWERS-are based on the idea that much of human behavoior is
determined by mental processes operating below the level of conscious awareness

The amygdala plays an important role in ________, whereas the hippocampus plays an
important role in ________.
A. Fear or emotional reactions; spatial memory
B. Spatial memory; fear or emotional reactions
C. Automatic behaviors; emotions
D. Emotions; automatic behaviors - CORRECT ANSWERS-fear or emotional reactions;
spatial memory

Humanism, championed by Maslow and Rogers, changed therapy by:
A. Examining illogical cognitive processes
B. Developing new techniques for questioning and listening to patients
C. Giving rise to greater use of imagery in therapy
D. Using drug therapies to lessen symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Developing new
techniques for questioning and listening to patients

Dualism is the idea that:
A. There is no mind, just the brain
B. The mind and the brain are opposing forces
C. The mind and the brain are the same entity