,What are the three steps of transcription? - CORRECT ANSWERS-initiation, elongation,
termination
True or False: The transcription bubble is just as big as the replication bubble. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-False, replication bubble is much larger because it requires two
machines at once.
When does transcription officially start? - CORRECT ANSWERS-when RNA
Polymerase binds to the promoter
What is the first base to be transcribed known as and how is it denoted? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-the transcription start site (TSS) and +1
Which direction is RNA transcribed in? - CORRECT ANSWERS-5' to 3'
On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-downstream, upstream
When the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA Polymerase moves past the ________ and
changes ____________ to be more stably associated with the DNA. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-promoter, conformation
How does the RNA Polymerase maintain the transcription bubble along the DNA? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-unwinds the DNA ahead of the bubble and the DNA re-pairs
behind the enzyme
Elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a
__________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-terminator
What are the three additional types of enzymes besides RNA Polymerase that are
required in eukaryotic transcription? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Nucleosome
remodeling enzymes
2. Histone chaperones
3. Enzymes that reversibly modify histone proteins
What does RNA Polymerase I typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-large rRNA
genes
What does RNA Polymerase II typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-mRNA
genes
What does RNA Polymerase III typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-tRNA and
5S rRNA
, True or False: Bacteria and archaea have multiple RNA Polymerases just like
eukaryotes, they just have different kinds. - CORRECT ANSWERS-False, bacteria and
archaea only have a single RNA Polymerase.
True or False: All RNA Polymerases have a core enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis,
but this cannot act alone and relies on extra proteins. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
Bacteria are _______ than eukaryotes and thus operate mainly on _____ factors. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-simpler, sigma
Which domain has the smallest RNA Polymerase and approximately what size is it? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Bacteria, 400kD
How many subunits are in the bacterial RNA Polymerase? - CORRECT ANSWERS-5
What shape do bacterial RNA Polymerase subunits assemble into? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-jaw-like lobes
Between Pol I, II, and III, which subunits are common? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rbp5,
6, 8, 10, and 12
What is an additional function of RNA Polymerase II? - CORRECT ANSWERS-couples
transcription to processing of RNA transcript
True or False: RNA core sequences can synthesize RNA, but cannot recognize
promoter sequences. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
What does the core bacterial enzyme require in order to recognize promoter
sequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sigma factor
Core polymerase (bacteria) + sigma factor =___________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-
holoenzyme
Bacterial promoters generally have which two elements? - CORRECT ANSWERS--35
and -10
Are the -35 and -10 elements upstream or downstream of the TSS? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-upstream
Why would having two contact points for sigma factors be beneficial to transcription? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Makes a much more stable process than if just one contact
point
What is the main difference between the many bacterial sigma factors? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Each has a preferred binding sequence and preferred spacing between the
-35 and -10 elements
termination
True or False: The transcription bubble is just as big as the replication bubble. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-False, replication bubble is much larger because it requires two
machines at once.
When does transcription officially start? - CORRECT ANSWERS-when RNA
Polymerase binds to the promoter
What is the first base to be transcribed known as and how is it denoted? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-the transcription start site (TSS) and +1
Which direction is RNA transcribed in? - CORRECT ANSWERS-5' to 3'
On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-downstream, upstream
When the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA Polymerase moves past the ________ and
changes ____________ to be more stably associated with the DNA. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-promoter, conformation
How does the RNA Polymerase maintain the transcription bubble along the DNA? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-unwinds the DNA ahead of the bubble and the DNA re-pairs
behind the enzyme
Elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a
__________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-terminator
What are the three additional types of enzymes besides RNA Polymerase that are
required in eukaryotic transcription? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Nucleosome
remodeling enzymes
2. Histone chaperones
3. Enzymes that reversibly modify histone proteins
What does RNA Polymerase I typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-large rRNA
genes
What does RNA Polymerase II typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-mRNA
genes
What does RNA Polymerase III typically transcribe? - CORRECT ANSWERS-tRNA and
5S rRNA
, True or False: Bacteria and archaea have multiple RNA Polymerases just like
eukaryotes, they just have different kinds. - CORRECT ANSWERS-False, bacteria and
archaea only have a single RNA Polymerase.
True or False: All RNA Polymerases have a core enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis,
but this cannot act alone and relies on extra proteins. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
Bacteria are _______ than eukaryotes and thus operate mainly on _____ factors. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-simpler, sigma
Which domain has the smallest RNA Polymerase and approximately what size is it? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Bacteria, 400kD
How many subunits are in the bacterial RNA Polymerase? - CORRECT ANSWERS-5
What shape do bacterial RNA Polymerase subunits assemble into? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-jaw-like lobes
Between Pol I, II, and III, which subunits are common? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rbp5,
6, 8, 10, and 12
What is an additional function of RNA Polymerase II? - CORRECT ANSWERS-couples
transcription to processing of RNA transcript
True or False: RNA core sequences can synthesize RNA, but cannot recognize
promoter sequences. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
What does the core bacterial enzyme require in order to recognize promoter
sequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sigma factor
Core polymerase (bacteria) + sigma factor =___________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-
holoenzyme
Bacterial promoters generally have which two elements? - CORRECT ANSWERS--35
and -10
Are the -35 and -10 elements upstream or downstream of the TSS? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-upstream
Why would having two contact points for sigma factors be beneficial to transcription? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Makes a much more stable process than if just one contact
point
What is the main difference between the many bacterial sigma factors? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Each has a preferred binding sequence and preferred spacing between the
-35 and -10 elements
