Chapter 29: Plant Diversity 1: How Plants Colonized Land
With Questions And Answers.
When did small plants, fungi and animals join land? - In the last 500 billion years
How many plant species are known? - 290,000
Similarities between land plants and algae - 1. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
2. Structure of flagellated sperm
3. Formation of a phragmoplast (group of microtubules that form between the daughter
nuclei of a dividing cell)
Factors that enabled the move from aquatic to land environment - 1. charophyte algae inhibit
shallow waters where drying occurs (natural selection favors those that can survive drying)
sporopollenin - durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Pros of moving to land - 1. bright sunlight unfiltered by water and plankton
2. more plentiful carbon dioxide
3. soil at water's edge was rich in mineral nutrients
Cons of moving to land - 1. scarcity of water
2. lack of structural support against gravity
Derived Traits of Land Plants - 1. alternation of generations
2. multicellular
3. dependent embryos
4. walls spores produced in sporangia
5. multicellular gametangia
6. apical meristems
, 7. cuticle
8. stomata
gametophyte - haploid production by mitosis of haploid gametes (egg and sperm)
sporophyte - diploid spore producing plant
spores - reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with
another cell
embryophytes - the multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a significant
derived trait that land plants
sporangia - multicellular organs in a sporophyte that produces spores
sporocytes - diploid cells within a sporangium that undergo meiosis and generate the haploid
spores
gametangia - female: archegonia
male: antheridia
apical meristems - growth in length
-elongate exposing plant to environmental resources
cuticle - the epidermis in many species has a covering
-consists of wax and other polymers
-waterproofing and protection from desiccation
stomata - specialized pores allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air
and the plant
How did early plants absorb nutrients without roots? - by developing a symbiotic relationship
with fungi mycorrhizae to develop nutrient uptake
With Questions And Answers.
When did small plants, fungi and animals join land? - In the last 500 billion years
How many plant species are known? - 290,000
Similarities between land plants and algae - 1. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
2. Structure of flagellated sperm
3. Formation of a phragmoplast (group of microtubules that form between the daughter
nuclei of a dividing cell)
Factors that enabled the move from aquatic to land environment - 1. charophyte algae inhibit
shallow waters where drying occurs (natural selection favors those that can survive drying)
sporopollenin - durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Pros of moving to land - 1. bright sunlight unfiltered by water and plankton
2. more plentiful carbon dioxide
3. soil at water's edge was rich in mineral nutrients
Cons of moving to land - 1. scarcity of water
2. lack of structural support against gravity
Derived Traits of Land Plants - 1. alternation of generations
2. multicellular
3. dependent embryos
4. walls spores produced in sporangia
5. multicellular gametangia
6. apical meristems
, 7. cuticle
8. stomata
gametophyte - haploid production by mitosis of haploid gametes (egg and sperm)
sporophyte - diploid spore producing plant
spores - reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with
another cell
embryophytes - the multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a significant
derived trait that land plants
sporangia - multicellular organs in a sporophyte that produces spores
sporocytes - diploid cells within a sporangium that undergo meiosis and generate the haploid
spores
gametangia - female: archegonia
male: antheridia
apical meristems - growth in length
-elongate exposing plant to environmental resources
cuticle - the epidermis in many species has a covering
-consists of wax and other polymers
-waterproofing and protection from desiccation
stomata - specialized pores allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air
and the plant
How did early plants absorb nutrients without roots? - by developing a symbiotic relationship
with fungi mycorrhizae to develop nutrient uptake
