Test bank Structure,adaptations and
Function of the Human Body 17th edition
Quick study guide
The branch of science that studies structure Anatomy
The branch of science that studies function Physiology
The branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body
parts—that is, how a body functions when a person has a disease. Pathophysiology
The basic unit of life Cells
One or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function. Organs
An aggregation of similar cells that join to perform a specific function. Tissue
Groups of organs are known as... Organ Systems
List the 11 systems of the body. Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive.
the ability of the body to maintain a stable, constant internal environment. Homeostasis
the body standing erect, with the face forward, arms at the side and the toes and palms of the
hands facing forward. Describe Anatomical Position
Superior/Inferior, Medial/Lateral/(Median), Anterior/Posterior, Proximal/Distal,
Superficial/Deep (profundus), and Central/Peripheral List 6 directional pairs
Sagittal Plane, Frontal Plane, and Transverse Plane List the 3 planes of the body.
divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions. Sagittal Plane
A cut dividing the body equally along the midline MidSagittal
divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) sections. Frontal Plane (aka
coronal)
divides the body horizontally creating an upper (superior) and lower (inferior body.
Transverse
Naval Umbilical
Nearer the lower region of the spinal column (near your tailbone) Caudal
located toward the back of the body and has two divisions, the cranial cavity and the spinal or
vertebral cavity. Dorsal Cavity
located within the skull and contains the brain Cranial Cavity
extends downward from the cranial cavity and is surrounded by bony vertebrae, contains the
spinal cord. Spinal (vertebral) Cavity
Located toward the front of the body and has two divisions, the thoracic cavity and the
abdominopelvic cavity. Ventral Cavity
located above the diaphragm and surrounded by the rib cage; divided into two compartments by
the mediastinum (which contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood
vessels attached to the heart. The lungs are located on either side of the mediastinum in the
pleural cavities. Thoracic Cavity
Located below the diaphragm, upper part is abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidneys, the lower part is the pelvic cavity containing the
Function of the Human Body 17th edition
Quick study guide
The branch of science that studies structure Anatomy
The branch of science that studies function Physiology
The branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body
parts—that is, how a body functions when a person has a disease. Pathophysiology
The basic unit of life Cells
One or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function. Organs
An aggregation of similar cells that join to perform a specific function. Tissue
Groups of organs are known as... Organ Systems
List the 11 systems of the body. Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive.
the ability of the body to maintain a stable, constant internal environment. Homeostasis
the body standing erect, with the face forward, arms at the side and the toes and palms of the
hands facing forward. Describe Anatomical Position
Superior/Inferior, Medial/Lateral/(Median), Anterior/Posterior, Proximal/Distal,
Superficial/Deep (profundus), and Central/Peripheral List 6 directional pairs
Sagittal Plane, Frontal Plane, and Transverse Plane List the 3 planes of the body.
divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions. Sagittal Plane
A cut dividing the body equally along the midline MidSagittal
divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) sections. Frontal Plane (aka
coronal)
divides the body horizontally creating an upper (superior) and lower (inferior body.
Transverse
Naval Umbilical
Nearer the lower region of the spinal column (near your tailbone) Caudal
located toward the back of the body and has two divisions, the cranial cavity and the spinal or
vertebral cavity. Dorsal Cavity
located within the skull and contains the brain Cranial Cavity
extends downward from the cranial cavity and is surrounded by bony vertebrae, contains the
spinal cord. Spinal (vertebral) Cavity
Located toward the front of the body and has two divisions, the thoracic cavity and the
abdominopelvic cavity. Ventral Cavity
located above the diaphragm and surrounded by the rib cage; divided into two compartments by
the mediastinum (which contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood
vessels attached to the heart. The lungs are located on either side of the mediastinum in the
pleural cavities. Thoracic Cavity
Located below the diaphragm, upper part is abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidneys, the lower part is the pelvic cavity containing the
