Test Bank for Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition by Kyle Carman test bank - ALL CHAPTER (1 - 29) | A+ ULTIMATE GUIDE 2023

Test Bank for Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition by Kyle Carman test bank - ALL CHAPTER (1 - 29) | A+ ULTIMATE GUIDE 2023 A 10-year-old boy has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. He is curious about what the cause of his disease is and asks the nurse to explain it to him. What explanation is best? - ANSWER-"Special cells in a part of your body called the pancreas can't make a chemical called insulin, which helps control the sugar level in your blood." Explanation: When providing instruction to a child, the nurse must consider the developmental age. Type 1 diabetes is a disorder that involves an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, in contrast to type 2 where insulin production is only reduced. Insulin is produced by beta islet cells in the pancreas. Diabetes insipidus is caused by the pituitary gland not producing enough ADH and is characterized by extreme thirstiness and polyuria. Insufficient growth hormone is also related to dysfunction of the pituitary gland. .A 10-year-old child is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The child's hemoglobin A1C level is being monitored. The nurse determines that additional intervention is needed with the child based on which result? - ANSWER-8.5% Explanation: The goal for hemoglobin A1C in children between the ages of 6 and 12 years is less than 8%. Therefore, a result of 8.5% would indicate that additional intervention is needed to achieve the recommended goal. .A 10-year-old client is upset and tells the school nurse. "I am the shortest one in my class. I am done with school and just want to stay home." Which response by the nurse is mostappropriate? - ANSWER-"You seem very upset. Sit down and let's talk about what is going on." Explanation: The child is voicing feelings of personal devaluation. This is consistent with a lack of self-esteem and the nurse needs to first acknowledge and then talk to the client about the feelings. Explaining the disorder to the client does not help with the client's feelings. Stating "I am sure you will be taller soon" may not be true and the nurse should not make such statements as these will lead to a lack of trust. The nurse would first explore the client's feelings and thoughts at this time. It may be appropriate for the client to speak with someone with the same experiences to gain insight and understanding of coping methods based on what the client is feeling. .A 12-year-old boy arrives at the emergency room experiencing nausea, vomiting, headache, and seizures. He is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Other findings include a decrease in urine production, hyponatremia, and water intoxication. Which pituitary gland disorder would be most associated with these symptoms? - ANSWER-Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Explanation: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a rare condition in which there is overproduction of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior pituitary gland. This results in a decrease in urine production and water intoxication. As sodium levels fall in proportion to water, the child develops hyponatremia or a lowered sodium plasma level. It can be caused by central nervous system infections such as bacterial meningitis. As the hyponatremia grows more severe, coma or seizures occur from brain edema. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria, not decreased urine production. Hyposecretion of somatotropin, or growth hormone, results in undergrowth; hypersecretion results in overgrowth. .A 12-year-old is being seen in the office and has hyperthyroidism; the nurse knows that the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is: - ANSWER-Graves disease Explanation: Hyperthyroidism occurs less often in children than hypothyroidism. Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children, occurs in 1 in 5,000 children between 11 and 15 years of age. Hyperthyroidism occurs more often in females, and the peak incidence occurs during adolescence. .A 2-month-old infant is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. When educating the parents, the nurse explains which as signs suggesting hypothyroidism? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-"Your infant had a long period of jaundice from birth." "Your infant's motor activity has been decreased." "Your infant has had ongoing constipation." Explanation: Hypothyroidism in an infant is marked by hypotonicity or poor/decreased muscle activity, prolonged jaundice at birth, and constipation due to a slow metabolic rate. The pitch of crying and length at birth are not associated with hypothyroidism. .A 7-year-old child is diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes. What is one of the first symptoms usually noticed by parents when this illness develops? - ANSWER-loss of weight Explanation: The classic signs of type 1 diabetes are polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. With polyphagia, the child has an increased appetite and an increased hunger, and the child eats all the time but is losing weight. This occurs because the lack of energy sugar supplies cause the muscle tissues and the fat stores to shrink. The lack of insulin also reduces the ability of the body's cells to use glucose. This leads to starvation of the cells. Loss of weight is an early symptom parents see first. They tend to equate the increased appetite as normal with growing, but become concerned when the child starts losing weight even though the child is eating. Itching and swelling are not signs of diabetes. A craving for sweets is normal for a child, especially one who is growing rapidly. .A child has been prescribed Stimate (esmopressin) acetate for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. The client and the parents ask the nurse how this drug works. What is the correctresponse by the nurse? - ANSWER-Stimate (esmopressin) acetate is a synthetic antidiuretic hormone that will slow down your urine output Explanation: Stimate (esmopressin) acetate is a synthetic antidiuretic hormone that promotes reabsorption of water by action on renal tubules; it is used to control diabetes insipidus by decreasing the amount of urine produced. .A child is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. What finding would the nurse expect to assess? - ANSWER-Heat intolerance Explanation: Hyperthyroidism is manifested by heat intolerance, nervousness or anxiety, diarrhea, weight loss and smooth, velvety skin. Constipation, weight gain, and facial edema are associated with hypothyroidism. .A child is diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse most likely expect to address? - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia Explanation: Hypoparathyroidism results in low production of PTH which in turn leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.