CRJ CH 1,2,3 EXAM 1 Questions With Multiple Choices And Verified Answers

Crimes - correct answer Actions that violate laws defined by society Mala in se - correct answer Traditionally accepted crimes that are wrong in themselves or by their very nature, like homicide and sexual assault Mala prohibita - correct answer Prohibited by law, but some people in society disagree on their harmfulness, like gambling, prostitution, and drug possession Goals of the criminal justice system - correct answer doing justice, controlling crime, preventing crime Goals of the criminal justice system 2 - correct answer Advancing goals: evidence-based practices Enacting and enforcing policies based on factual, science-driven data that leads to a policy success Federalism - correct answer Power divided between national and state governments Two justice systems - correct answer The federal government prosecutes violations of federal law. State (and local) governments prosecute violations of state law. System - correct answer Complex whole made up of interdependent agencies that each contribute to the system's function, for example: Police Prosecutor's office Courts Corrections Each entity relies on the others, and policy changes in one can affect them all. Exchange - correct answer Mutual transfer and utilization of resources Need to gain the cooperation and assistance from each agency Plea bargain - correct answer The accused (defendant) admits guilt to a crime in exchange for consideration for a reduced sentence or reduction in charges. Discretion - correct answer Official's authority to make decisions using their own judgment Resource dependence - correct answer Agencies depend on other agencies for funding. Sequential tasks - correct answer Decisions are made in a specific order. Filtering - correct answer Screening process that gradually exits people out of the system police - correct answer keep the peace, apprehend violators, prevent crime, provide social services Courts - correct answer Dual court system Each state has its own courts, and the federal system has its own courts. Adjudication - correct answer Determine innocence or guilt of a defendant corrections - correct answer State and federal prisons Jails Probation Parole 13 Steps in decision making process - correct answer 1. Investigation; 2. Arrest; 3. Booking; 4. Charging; 5. Initial Appearance; 6. Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury; 7. Indictment/information; 8. Arraignment; 9. Trial; 10. Sentencing; 11. Appeal; 12. Corrections; 13. Release Charging - correct answer Prosecutor decides if the case will be adjudicated Initial Appearance - correct answer Defendant brought before a judge Formally notified of charges Advised of rights Judge decides if there is enough evidence to proceed investigation - correct answer police investigate the allegation of a crime being commited Arrest - correct answer Due to sufficient evidence (probable cause), an offender is physically taken into custody. Booking - correct answer The offender is taken to a jail, photographed, and fingerprinted. Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury - correct answer A preliminary hearing is when a judge decides if there is probable cause that the accused committed the alleged crime. The grand jury decides whether there is enough evidence to file an indictment. Indictment/information - correct answer If the preliminary hearing leads to an information or the grand jury vote leads to an indictment, the prosecutor prepares the formal charging document and presents it to the court. Arraignment - correct answer The defendant is read the information or indictment. The defendant pleads guilty or not guilty. A plea bargain can be agreed upon any time after an information or indictment has been filed. Trial - correct answer Judge: oversees the trial and ensures all parties' rights are protected Bench trial: judge determines guilt or innocence Jury trial: jury determines guilt or innocence The burden of proof for a guilty verdict is "beyond a reasonable doubt." Sentencing - correct answer If the defendant is found guilty, the judge will impose punishment Punishment can include: Imprisonment Suspended sentence Probation