Chapter 9: Local Anesthetics Questions With d d d d d d
Verified Answers d
Properties of the Ideal Local Anesthetic: - d d d d d d
Potent.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Reversible.
Absence of local and systemic reactions.
d d d d d
Absence of allergic reactions. d d d
Rapid onset and satisfactory duration.
d d d d
Adequate tissue penetration. d d
Low cost. d
Stability in solution. d d
Ease of metabolism and excretion.
d d d d
Two major groups of L.A.: -
d d d d d d
Amides and Esters.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Where are amides metabolized? -
d d d d d
the liver.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Where are esters metabolized? -
d d d d d
the blood plasma.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Amides and allergies: - d d d d
very low allergy potential; uncommon.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Esters and allergies: -d d d d
high allergy potential; used as a topical.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Examples of amides: - d d d d
lidocaine which is Xylocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
mepivicaine which is Carbocaine. d d d
bupivacaine which is Marcaine. d d d
prilocaine which is Citanest. d d d
articaine which is Septocaine. d d d
Examples of esters: - d d d d
procaine which is Novocain. ethylaminobenzoate which is 20% Benzocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the most commonly used anesthetic solution in dentistry? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine which is Xylocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine. d d d d
Is lidocaine/xylocaine safe for pregnancy? -
d d d d d d
Yes.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
There are currently no ____ avaliable in a dental cartridge today. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
1|Page
, d d d d d d d d d d d d d esters.
Is Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
vasoconstrictor.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine provide? -
d d d d d d d d d
profound anes. of medium duration.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A patient who has an allergy to one agent in a group is more likely to exhibit a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hypersensitivity reaction to: - d d d d
other agents within the same group.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
If an allergic reaction does occur, most likely it is toward the: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
*preservatives.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cross-hypersensitivity between the amides and the esters is: - d d d d d d d d d
very unlikely.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nerve conduction or nerve action potential involves: -
d d d d d d d d
opening both Na+ and K+ channels. Na+ in and K+ out.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics block nerve impulse travel by blocking the: -
d d d d d d d d d d
depolarization (pain sensation) process.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does local anesthetics attach themselves to? -
d d d d d d d d
specific receptors in the nerve cell membrane.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics reduce: -
d d d d
Na+ permeability.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is reducing Na permeability? -
d d d d d d
blocking Na from entering cell.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does reducing Na permeability allow? -
d d d d d d d
the flow of K+ out of the cell, thus inhibiting membrane repolarization (action
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
potential) and nerve conduction. d d d
What is local anesthetics mechanism of action? How does it work? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Work by blocking peripheral nerve conduction by decreasing the permeability of ion
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
channels to sodium; local anesthetic agents inhibit the influx of sodium ions (Na+) by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
competing with calcium (Ca++) for binding sites.
d d d d d d
Local anes. agents decrease the:
d d d d
prolong the: - d d d
DEcrease the rate of DEpolarization. prolong rate of repolarization.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics are weak bases occurring equilibrated between their two forms: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
the fat soluble - free base and water-soluble hydrochloride salt.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The portion of drug in each form is determined by the: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
2|Page
Verified Answers d
Properties of the Ideal Local Anesthetic: - d d d d d d
Potent.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Reversible.
Absence of local and systemic reactions.
d d d d d
Absence of allergic reactions. d d d
Rapid onset and satisfactory duration.
d d d d
Adequate tissue penetration. d d
Low cost. d
Stability in solution. d d
Ease of metabolism and excretion.
d d d d
Two major groups of L.A.: -
d d d d d d
Amides and Esters.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Where are amides metabolized? -
d d d d d
the liver.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Where are esters metabolized? -
d d d d d
the blood plasma.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Amides and allergies: - d d d d
very low allergy potential; uncommon.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Esters and allergies: -d d d d
high allergy potential; used as a topical.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Examples of amides: - d d d d
lidocaine which is Xylocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
mepivicaine which is Carbocaine. d d d
bupivacaine which is Marcaine. d d d
prilocaine which is Citanest. d d d
articaine which is Septocaine. d d d
Examples of esters: - d d d d
procaine which is Novocain. ethylaminobenzoate which is 20% Benzocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the most commonly used anesthetic solution in dentistry? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine which is Xylocaine.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine. d d d d
Is lidocaine/xylocaine safe for pregnancy? -
d d d d d d
Yes.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
There are currently no ____ avaliable in a dental cartridge today. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
1|Page
, d d d d d d d d d d d d d esters.
Is Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
vasoconstrictor.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine provide? -
d d d d d d d d d
profound anes. of medium duration.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A patient who has an allergy to one agent in a group is more likely to exhibit a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hypersensitivity reaction to: - d d d d
other agents within the same group.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
If an allergic reaction does occur, most likely it is toward the: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
*preservatives.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cross-hypersensitivity between the amides and the esters is: - d d d d d d d d d
very unlikely.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nerve conduction or nerve action potential involves: -
d d d d d d d d
opening both Na+ and K+ channels. Na+ in and K+ out.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics block nerve impulse travel by blocking the: -
d d d d d d d d d d
depolarization (pain sensation) process.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does local anesthetics attach themselves to? -
d d d d d d d d
specific receptors in the nerve cell membrane.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics reduce: -
d d d d
Na+ permeability.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is reducing Na permeability? -
d d d d d d
blocking Na from entering cell.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What does reducing Na permeability allow? -
d d d d d d d
the flow of K+ out of the cell, thus inhibiting membrane repolarization (action
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
potential) and nerve conduction. d d d
What is local anesthetics mechanism of action? How does it work? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Work by blocking peripheral nerve conduction by decreasing the permeability of ion
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
channels to sodium; local anesthetic agents inhibit the influx of sodium ions (Na+) by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
competing with calcium (Ca++) for binding sites.
d d d d d d
Local anes. agents decrease the:
d d d d
prolong the: - d d d
DEcrease the rate of DEpolarization. prolong rate of repolarization.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics are weak bases occurring equilibrated between their two forms: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
the fat soluble - free base and water-soluble hydrochloride salt.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The portion of drug in each form is determined by the: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
2|Page
