Exam 1 FNP 511 questions and answers
and explanation
12. 645 A 67-year-old female patient complains of progressive dyspnea, minimal cough, and a
10-lb weight loss over the past 3 months. The nurse practitioner notes decreased posterior breath
sounds, the use of accessory muscles to breathe, temperature of 98.8°F, and respirations of 24
breaths/minute. The nurse practitioner suspects:
A. Emphysema
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Respiratory infection
D. Pneumonia
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (pp. 1300-1301). Springer Publishing Company.
Kindle Edition. A) Emphysema. Emphysema presents with shortness of breath, minimal
cough, and decreased heart and lung sounds. Patients use pursed-lip breathing, and use of
accessory muscles is prominent. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a productive cough,
wheezing, and coarse crackles. A respiratory infection and/or pneumonia presents with fever and
new onset of symptoms.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1344). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
142. All of the following pharmacologic agents are used to treat inflammation in the lungs of
asthmatic patients, except: A. Nedocromil sodium (Tilade) two sprays QID
B. Cromolyn sodium inhaler (Intal) two puffs QID
C. Long-acting oral theophylline (Theo-Dur) 200 mg every 12 hours
D. Fluticasone inhaler (Flovent) two puffs BID C) Long-acting oral theophylline (Theo-
Dur) 200 mg every 12 hours. Theophylline is used to control inflammation of the lungs.
Nedocromil sodium (Tilade), cromolyn sodium (Intal), and fluticasone inhaler (Flovent) help to
treat inflammation.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1582). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
5. 600 A 67-year-old woman with a 30-pack-year history of smoking presents for a routine
annual physical examination. She complains of being easily short of breath and is frequently
fatigued. Physical examination reveals diminished breath sounds, hyperresonance, and
hypertrophied respiratory accessory muscles. Her complete blood count (CBC) results reveal that
her hematocrit level is elevated. Her pulmonary function test (PFT) results show increased total
lung capacity. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Bronchogenic carcinoma
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
, C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Congestive heart failure
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1210). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive lung
disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The most common risk factor for
COPD is long-term cigarette smoking (80%-90%). Another cause is alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency and chronic fume exposure. The three cardinal symptoms of COPD are dyspnea,
chronic cough, and sputum production. The lungs are hyperinflated, which changes the shape of
the chest and diaphragm, making the mechanics of breathing more difficult. Excess mucus and
obstructed airflow from progressive thickening and stiffening of the airways diminish breath
sounds. COPD creates a high hematocrit percentage because of chronic hypoxemia.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (pp. 1254-1255). Springer Publishing Company.
Kindle Edition.
A adult student is seen in the school health clinic with complaints of a hacking nonproductive
cough, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, and malaise for the past 2 weeks. He does not take any
medications, denies any allergies, and has no significant medical history. Physical examination
reveals a low-grade temperature of 99.9°F, respirations of 16 breaths/min, pulse of 90 beats/min,
and scattered rales and wheezing of the lungs. The patient does not appear toxic. The total white
blood cell count is 10,500/µL. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Bacterial pneumonia
B. Atypical pneumonia
C. Acute bronchitis
D. Pertussis
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1431). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. B) Atypical pneumonia. The most common organism causing community-
acquired atypical pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an atypical bacterium. The
populations with the highest infection rates are college students, school-age children, and
military recruits. Respiratory symptoms (cough) are accompanied by pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and
sometimes ear pain. It is easily spread from aerosol droplets.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1479). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
A chest radiograph shows an area of consolidation on the lower lobe of the lung. Which of the
following conditions is most likely?
A. Bacterial pneumonia
B. Acute bronchitis
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1537). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. A) Bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung
especially affecting the alveoli. It is associated with fever, chest symptoms, and consolidation on
a chest x-ray. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Consolidation is
not present in the lungs with bronchitis, COPD, or atypical pneumonia.
and explanation
12. 645 A 67-year-old female patient complains of progressive dyspnea, minimal cough, and a
10-lb weight loss over the past 3 months. The nurse practitioner notes decreased posterior breath
sounds, the use of accessory muscles to breathe, temperature of 98.8°F, and respirations of 24
breaths/minute. The nurse practitioner suspects:
A. Emphysema
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Respiratory infection
D. Pneumonia
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (pp. 1300-1301). Springer Publishing Company.
Kindle Edition. A) Emphysema. Emphysema presents with shortness of breath, minimal
cough, and decreased heart and lung sounds. Patients use pursed-lip breathing, and use of
accessory muscles is prominent. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a productive cough,
wheezing, and coarse crackles. A respiratory infection and/or pneumonia presents with fever and
new onset of symptoms.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1344). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
142. All of the following pharmacologic agents are used to treat inflammation in the lungs of
asthmatic patients, except: A. Nedocromil sodium (Tilade) two sprays QID
B. Cromolyn sodium inhaler (Intal) two puffs QID
C. Long-acting oral theophylline (Theo-Dur) 200 mg every 12 hours
D. Fluticasone inhaler (Flovent) two puffs BID C) Long-acting oral theophylline (Theo-
Dur) 200 mg every 12 hours. Theophylline is used to control inflammation of the lungs.
Nedocromil sodium (Tilade), cromolyn sodium (Intal), and fluticasone inhaler (Flovent) help to
treat inflammation.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1582). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
5. 600 A 67-year-old woman with a 30-pack-year history of smoking presents for a routine
annual physical examination. She complains of being easily short of breath and is frequently
fatigued. Physical examination reveals diminished breath sounds, hyperresonance, and
hypertrophied respiratory accessory muscles. Her complete blood count (CBC) results reveal that
her hematocrit level is elevated. Her pulmonary function test (PFT) results show increased total
lung capacity. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Bronchogenic carcinoma
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
, C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Congestive heart failure
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1210). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive lung
disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The most common risk factor for
COPD is long-term cigarette smoking (80%-90%). Another cause is alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency and chronic fume exposure. The three cardinal symptoms of COPD are dyspnea,
chronic cough, and sputum production. The lungs are hyperinflated, which changes the shape of
the chest and diaphragm, making the mechanics of breathing more difficult. Excess mucus and
obstructed airflow from progressive thickening and stiffening of the airways diminish breath
sounds. COPD creates a high hematocrit percentage because of chronic hypoxemia.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (pp. 1254-1255). Springer Publishing Company.
Kindle Edition.
A adult student is seen in the school health clinic with complaints of a hacking nonproductive
cough, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, and malaise for the past 2 weeks. He does not take any
medications, denies any allergies, and has no significant medical history. Physical examination
reveals a low-grade temperature of 99.9°F, respirations of 16 breaths/min, pulse of 90 beats/min,
and scattered rales and wheezing of the lungs. The patient does not appear toxic. The total white
blood cell count is 10,500/µL. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Bacterial pneumonia
B. Atypical pneumonia
C. Acute bronchitis
D. Pertussis
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1431). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. B) Atypical pneumonia. The most common organism causing community-
acquired atypical pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an atypical bacterium. The
populations with the highest infection rates are college students, school-age children, and
military recruits. Respiratory symptoms (cough) are accompanied by pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and
sometimes ear pain. It is easily spread from aerosol droplets.
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1479). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition.
A chest radiograph shows an area of consolidation on the lower lobe of the lung. Which of the
following conditions is most likely?
A. Bacterial pneumonia
B. Acute bronchitis
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Leik, Maria T. Codina, MSN, ARNP, FNP-C, AGPCNP-BC. Family Nurse Practitioner
Certification Intensive Review, Fourth Edition (p. 1537). Springer Publishing Company. Kindle
Edition. A) Bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung
especially affecting the alveoli. It is associated with fever, chest symptoms, and consolidation on
a chest x-ray. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Consolidation is
not present in the lungs with bronchitis, COPD, or atypical pneumonia.
