,Chapter .,1 .,Test .,A
MULTIPLE .,CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: .,The .,following .,selections .,relate .,to .,distinguishing .,arguments .,from
.,nonarguments .,and .,identifying .,conclusions. .,Select .,the .,best .,answer .,for .,each.
1. There .,appears .,to .,be .,a .,growing .,happiness .,gap .,between .,men .,and .,women. .,Women .,today .,are
.,working .,more .,and .,relaxing .,less, .,while .,men .,are .,working .,less .,and .,relaxing .,more. .,Forty
.,years .,ago .,a .,typical .,woman .,spent .,40 .,minutes .,more .,per .,week .,than .,the .,typical .,man
.,performing .,an .,activity .,considered .,unpleasant. .,Today, .,with .,men .,working .,less, .,the .,gap .,is
.,90 .,minutes .,and .,growing.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Today .,... .,the .,gap .,is .,90 .,minutes .,and .,growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Forty .,years .,ago .,... .,an .,activity .,considered .,unpleasant.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,There .,appears .,to .,be .,... .,between .,men .,and .,women.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Women .,today .,are .,working .,more .,and .,relaxing
.,less. .,ANS: . , D PTS: . , 2
2. Lead .,is .,toxic, .,but .,do .,you .,know .,why? .,Lead .,is .,toxic .,mainly .,because .,it .,preferentially
.,replaces .,other .,metals .,in .,biochemical .,reactions. .,In .,so .,doing .,it .,interferes .,with .,the .,proteins
.,that .,regulate .,blood .,pressure .,(which .,can .,cause .,development .,delays .,in .,children .,and .,high
.,blood .,pressure .,in .,adults), .,heme .,production .,(which .,can .,lead .,to .,anemia), .,and .,sperm
.,production. .,Lead .,also .,displaces .,calcium .,in .,the .,reactions .,that .,transmit .,electrical .,impulses .,in
.,the .,brain, .,which .,diminishes .,the .,ability .,to .,think .,and .,recall .,information.
Anne .,Marie .,Helmstine, .,"Your .,Guide .,to .,Chemistry"
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,interferes .,with .,the .,proteins .,... .,and .,sperm .,production.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Lead .,is .,toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,preferentially .,replaces .,other .,metals .,in .,biochemical .,reactions.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Lead .,also .,displaces .,calcium .,... .,recall
.,information. .,ANS: . , C PTS: . , 2
3. Aristotle .,focused .,on .,clarifying .,the .,concept .,of .,virtue .,itself. .,He .,argued .,that .,it .,was .,virtuous .,to
.,choose .,the .,proper .,amount .,of .,emotion .,and/or .,action .,called .,for .,in .,a .,particular .,situation .,and
.,that .,extremes .,of .,emotion .,and .,action .,were .,vices. .,In .,all .,communities .,there .,are .,some .,men .,of
.,practical .,wisdom .,who .,have .,the .,capacity .,to .,judge .,wisely. .,Aristotle .,argued .,that .,they .,have
.,the .,capacity .,to .,follow .,the .,"right .,rule" .,whatever .,the .,situation.
David .,Cooper, .,Value .,Pluralism .,and .,Ethical .,Choice
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,In .,all .,communities .,... .,capacity .,to .,judge .,wisely.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Aristotle .,focused .,on .,clarifying .,the .,concept .,of .,virtue .,itself.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,have .,the .,capacity .,to .,follow .,... .,the .,situation.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,He .,argued .,that .,it .,was .,virtuous .,... .,were .,vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , E PTS: ., .,2
4. Illegal .,immigrants .,pay .,local .,sales .,taxes, .,and .,many .,of .,them .,also .,pay .,state, .,local, .,and .,federal
.,income .,tax .,and .,Social .,Security .,tax. .,They .,also .,purchase .,items .,from .,local .,merchants,
.,increasing .,the .,amount .,these .,merchants .,pay .,in .,taxes. .,In .,addition, .,they .,work .,for .,low .,salaries,
.,which .,increases .,the .,earnings .,of .,their .,employers .,and .,the .,amount .,of .,taxes .,these .,employers
.,pay. .,Thus, .,it .,is .,not .,correct .,to .,say .,that .,illegal .,immigrants .,contribute .,nothing .,to .,the
.,communities .,in .,which .,they .,live.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,is .,not .,correct .,to .,say .,... .,communities .,in .,which .,they .,live.
1
, b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,work .,for .,low .,salaries .,... .,these .,employers .,pay.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Illegal .,immigrants .,pay .,... .,Social .,Security .,tax.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,also .,purchase .,items .,... .,pay .,in .,taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , A PTS: ., .,2
5. Numerous .,studies .,have .,indicated .,that .,women .,of .,color, .,black .,women .,in .,particular, .,are .,over-
arrested, .,over-indicted, .,and .,over-sentenced. .,African-American .,women .,are .,seven .,times .,more
.,likely .,to .,be .,arrested .,for .,prostitution .,than .,women .,of .,other .,ethnic .,groups. .,Black .,women .,have
.,received .,significantly .,longer .,sentences .,for .,crimes .,against .,property .,and .,served .,longer .,periods
.,in .,prison. .,For .,both .,murder .,and .,drug .,offenses, .,Euroamerican .,women .,ended .,up .,serving .,one-
third .,less .,time .,for .,the .,same .,offenses .,than .,black .,women.
Nancy .,Kurshan, .,"Women .,and .,Imprisonment .,in .,the .,U.S."
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,African-American .,women .,... .,other .,ethnic .,groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,For .,both .,murder .,and .,drug .,offenses .,... .,black .,women.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Numerous .,studies .,have .,indicated .,... .,over-sentenced.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Black .,women .,have .,received .,... .,longer .,periods .,in
.,prison. .,ANS: . , B PTS: . , 2
6. It's .,even .,more .,important .,these .,days .,that .,your .,computer .,be .,protected .,by .,a .,firewall. .,There
.,are .,criminal .,elements .,lurking .,in .,the .,shadows .,of .,cyberspace .,who .,send .,out .,probes .,to .,detect
.,unprotected .,PCs. .,Once .,a .,vulnerable .,computer .,is .,found, .,these .,criminals .,install .,software .,that
.,assists .,them .,in .,committing .,identity .,theft .,and .,fencing .,stolen .,IDs. .,They .,also .,defraud .,online
.,advertisers .,by .,using .,these .,zombie .,computers .,to .,visit .,pay-per-click .,ads.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,There .,are .,criminal .,elements .,... .,to .,detect .,unprotected .,PCs.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Once .,a .,vulnerable .,computer .,... .,fencing .,stolen .,IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,also .,defraud .,... .,to .,visit .,pay-per-click .,ads.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It's .,even .,more .,important .,... .,protected .,by .,a
.,firewall. .,ANS: . , E PTS: . , 2
7. The .,earth .,is .,of .,interest .,to .,astronomy .,for .,many .,reasons. .,Nearly .,all .,observations .,must .,be
.,made .,through .,the .,atmosphere, .,and .,the .,phenomena .,of .,the .,upper .,atmosphere .,and .,the
.,magnetosphere .,reflect .,the .,state .,of .,interplanetary .,space. .,The .,earth .,is .,also .,the .,most .,important
.,object .,of .,comparison .,for .,planetologists.
Hannu .,Karttunen, .,et .,al., .,Fundamental .,Astronomy
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,phenomena .,... .,state .,of .,interplanetary .,space.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,earth .,is .,also .,... .,for .,planetologists.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,earth .,is .,of .,interest .,to .,astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Nearly .,all .,observations .,... .,through .,the
.,atmosphere. .,ANS: . , C PTS: . , 2
8. If .,the .,trade .,in .,tiger .,products .,is .,banned, .,tiger .,reserves .,are .,guarded .,by .,well .,equipped .,staff,
.,communities .,abutting .,tiger .,habitat .,are .,given .,a .,stake .,in .,protecting .,tigers, .,and .,the .,makers .,of
.,traditional .,medicines .,can .,be .,persuaded .,that .,tiger .,parts .,are .,not .,needed, .,then .,tiger .,poaching
.,will .,be .,halted, .,habitat .,and .,life .,sustaining .,prey .,will .,be .,restored, .,and .,the .,immanent
.,extinction .,of .,tigers .,in .,the .,wild .,will .,be .,averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,trade .,in .,tiger .,products .,is .,banned.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Tiger .,poaching .,will .,be .,halted.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,makers .,of .,traditional .,medicines .,... .,not .,needed.
2
, e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Tiger .,poaching .,will .,be .,halted .,... .,will .,be
.,averted. .,ANS: . , A PTS: . , 2
9. Humans .,are .,biological .,organisms. .,To .,understand .,our .,behavior .,and .,mental .,processes, .,we
.,need .,to .,understand .,their .,biological .,underpinnings, .,starting .,with .,the .,cellular .,level, .,the
.,neuron. .,How .,we .,feel, .,learn, .,remember, .,and .,think .,all .,stem .,from .,neuronal .,activity. .,So, .,how
.,a .,neuron .,works .,and .,how .,neurons .,communicate .,are .,crucial .,pieces .,of .,information .,in .,solving
.,the .,puzzle .,of .,human .,behavior .,and .,mental .,processing.
Richard .,Griggs, .,Psychology: .,A .,Concise .,Introduction
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,To .,understand .,our .,behavior .,... .,the .,neuron.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Humans .,are .,biological .,organisms.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,How .,we .,feel .,... .,neuronal .,activity.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,How .,a .,neuron .,works .,... .,mental .,processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , D PTS: ., .,2
10. Viruses .,are .,acellular .,entities .,too .,small .,to .,be .,seen .,with .,a .,light .,microscope. .,They .,are
.,composed .,of .,a .,nucleic .,acid .,and .,a .,few .,proteins. .,Viruses .,replicate .,themselves .,and .,display
.,other .,properties .,of .,living .,organisms .,only .,when .,they .,have .,invaded .,living .,cells. .,Indeed,
.,some .,viruses .,can .,be .,crystallized .,and .,stored .,in .,a .,container .,on .,a .,shelf .,for .,years, .,but .,they
.,retain .,the .,capacity .,to .,invade .,cells .,and .,cause .,disease.
Jacquelyn .,C. .,Black, .,Microbiology: .,Principles .,and .,Explorations
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,are .,composed .,of .,a .,nucleic .,acid .,and .,a .,few .,proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Viruses .,are .,acellular .,entities .,... .,microscope.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Indeed, .,some .,viruses .,can .,be .,crystallized .,... .,cause .,disease.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Viruses .,replicate .,themselves .,... .,invaded .,living
.,cells. .,ANS: . , B PTS: . , 2
11. Harnessing .,the .,clean, .,abundant .,energy .,of .,the .,sun .,and .,wind .,is .,critical .,to .,solving .,the .,global
.,warming .,problem. .,Technological .,advances .,have .,brought .,the .,cost .,of .,electricity .,generated .,by
.,the .,wind .,down .,by .,82 .,percent .,since .,1981. .,Solar .,energy .,technology .,has .,made .,remarkable
.,progress .,as .,new .,photovoltaic .,cells .,have .,been .,developed .,to .,convert .,even .,greater .,amounts .,of
.,sunlight .,directly .,into .,electricity. .,Today .,the .,costs .,of .,wind .,and .,solar .,power .,are .,becoming
.,competitive .,with .,dirty .,coal-fired .,plants.
Sierra .,Club, .,"Global .,Warming .,Solutions"
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Today .,the .,costs .,of .,wind .,... .,dirty .,coal-fired .,plants.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Technological .,advances .,... .,by .,82 .,percent .,since .,1981.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Harnessing .,the .,clean .,... .,the .,global .,warming .,problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Solar .,energy .,technology .,... .,directly .,into
.,electricity. .,ANS: . , D PTS: . , 2
12. It .,is .,likely .,that .,innocent .,prisoners .,in .,this .,country .,have .,been .,executed .,for .,crimes .,they .,did
.,not .,commit. .,From .,1973 .,until .,2007, .,124 .,death .,row .,inmates .,have .,been .,exonerated. .,In .,many
.,of .,these .,cases .,DNA .,evidence .,played .,a .,crucial .,role. .,Yet, .,in .,that .,same .,time .,frame, .,more
.,than .,1000 .,prisoners .,were .,executed. .,For .,many .,of .,these .,prisoners .,no .,DNA .,evidence .,was
.,available. .,If .,such .,evidence .,had .,been .,available, .,how .,may .,more .,would .,have .,been .,exonerated?
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,In .,many .,of .,these .,cases .,... .,played .,a .,crucial .,role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,From .,1973 .,... .,have .,been .,exonerated.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,For .,many .,of .,these .,prisoners .,... .,was .,available.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,is .,likely .,that .,innocent .,prisoners .,... .,they .,did .,not .,commit.
3
MULTIPLE .,CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: .,The .,following .,selections .,relate .,to .,distinguishing .,arguments .,from
.,nonarguments .,and .,identifying .,conclusions. .,Select .,the .,best .,answer .,for .,each.
1. There .,appears .,to .,be .,a .,growing .,happiness .,gap .,between .,men .,and .,women. .,Women .,today .,are
.,working .,more .,and .,relaxing .,less, .,while .,men .,are .,working .,less .,and .,relaxing .,more. .,Forty
.,years .,ago .,a .,typical .,woman .,spent .,40 .,minutes .,more .,per .,week .,than .,the .,typical .,man
.,performing .,an .,activity .,considered .,unpleasant. .,Today, .,with .,men .,working .,less, .,the .,gap .,is
.,90 .,minutes .,and .,growing.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Today .,... .,the .,gap .,is .,90 .,minutes .,and .,growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Forty .,years .,ago .,... .,an .,activity .,considered .,unpleasant.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,There .,appears .,to .,be .,... .,between .,men .,and .,women.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Women .,today .,are .,working .,more .,and .,relaxing
.,less. .,ANS: . , D PTS: . , 2
2. Lead .,is .,toxic, .,but .,do .,you .,know .,why? .,Lead .,is .,toxic .,mainly .,because .,it .,preferentially
.,replaces .,other .,metals .,in .,biochemical .,reactions. .,In .,so .,doing .,it .,interferes .,with .,the .,proteins
.,that .,regulate .,blood .,pressure .,(which .,can .,cause .,development .,delays .,in .,children .,and .,high
.,blood .,pressure .,in .,adults), .,heme .,production .,(which .,can .,lead .,to .,anemia), .,and .,sperm
.,production. .,Lead .,also .,displaces .,calcium .,in .,the .,reactions .,that .,transmit .,electrical .,impulses .,in
.,the .,brain, .,which .,diminishes .,the .,ability .,to .,think .,and .,recall .,information.
Anne .,Marie .,Helmstine, .,"Your .,Guide .,to .,Chemistry"
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,interferes .,with .,the .,proteins .,... .,and .,sperm .,production.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Lead .,is .,toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,preferentially .,replaces .,other .,metals .,in .,biochemical .,reactions.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Lead .,also .,displaces .,calcium .,... .,recall
.,information. .,ANS: . , C PTS: . , 2
3. Aristotle .,focused .,on .,clarifying .,the .,concept .,of .,virtue .,itself. .,He .,argued .,that .,it .,was .,virtuous .,to
.,choose .,the .,proper .,amount .,of .,emotion .,and/or .,action .,called .,for .,in .,a .,particular .,situation .,and
.,that .,extremes .,of .,emotion .,and .,action .,were .,vices. .,In .,all .,communities .,there .,are .,some .,men .,of
.,practical .,wisdom .,who .,have .,the .,capacity .,to .,judge .,wisely. .,Aristotle .,argued .,that .,they .,have
.,the .,capacity .,to .,follow .,the .,"right .,rule" .,whatever .,the .,situation.
David .,Cooper, .,Value .,Pluralism .,and .,Ethical .,Choice
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,In .,all .,communities .,... .,capacity .,to .,judge .,wisely.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Aristotle .,focused .,on .,clarifying .,the .,concept .,of .,virtue .,itself.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,have .,the .,capacity .,to .,follow .,... .,the .,situation.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,He .,argued .,that .,it .,was .,virtuous .,... .,were .,vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , E PTS: ., .,2
4. Illegal .,immigrants .,pay .,local .,sales .,taxes, .,and .,many .,of .,them .,also .,pay .,state, .,local, .,and .,federal
.,income .,tax .,and .,Social .,Security .,tax. .,They .,also .,purchase .,items .,from .,local .,merchants,
.,increasing .,the .,amount .,these .,merchants .,pay .,in .,taxes. .,In .,addition, .,they .,work .,for .,low .,salaries,
.,which .,increases .,the .,earnings .,of .,their .,employers .,and .,the .,amount .,of .,taxes .,these .,employers
.,pay. .,Thus, .,it .,is .,not .,correct .,to .,say .,that .,illegal .,immigrants .,contribute .,nothing .,to .,the
.,communities .,in .,which .,they .,live.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,is .,not .,correct .,to .,say .,... .,communities .,in .,which .,they .,live.
1
, b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,work .,for .,low .,salaries .,... .,these .,employers .,pay.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Illegal .,immigrants .,pay .,... .,Social .,Security .,tax.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,also .,purchase .,items .,... .,pay .,in .,taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , A PTS: ., .,2
5. Numerous .,studies .,have .,indicated .,that .,women .,of .,color, .,black .,women .,in .,particular, .,are .,over-
arrested, .,over-indicted, .,and .,over-sentenced. .,African-American .,women .,are .,seven .,times .,more
.,likely .,to .,be .,arrested .,for .,prostitution .,than .,women .,of .,other .,ethnic .,groups. .,Black .,women .,have
.,received .,significantly .,longer .,sentences .,for .,crimes .,against .,property .,and .,served .,longer .,periods
.,in .,prison. .,For .,both .,murder .,and .,drug .,offenses, .,Euroamerican .,women .,ended .,up .,serving .,one-
third .,less .,time .,for .,the .,same .,offenses .,than .,black .,women.
Nancy .,Kurshan, .,"Women .,and .,Imprisonment .,in .,the .,U.S."
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,African-American .,women .,... .,other .,ethnic .,groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,For .,both .,murder .,and .,drug .,offenses .,... .,black .,women.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Numerous .,studies .,have .,indicated .,... .,over-sentenced.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Black .,women .,have .,received .,... .,longer .,periods .,in
.,prison. .,ANS: . , B PTS: . , 2
6. It's .,even .,more .,important .,these .,days .,that .,your .,computer .,be .,protected .,by .,a .,firewall. .,There
.,are .,criminal .,elements .,lurking .,in .,the .,shadows .,of .,cyberspace .,who .,send .,out .,probes .,to .,detect
.,unprotected .,PCs. .,Once .,a .,vulnerable .,computer .,is .,found, .,these .,criminals .,install .,software .,that
.,assists .,them .,in .,committing .,identity .,theft .,and .,fencing .,stolen .,IDs. .,They .,also .,defraud .,online
.,advertisers .,by .,using .,these .,zombie .,computers .,to .,visit .,pay-per-click .,ads.
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,There .,are .,criminal .,elements .,... .,to .,detect .,unprotected .,PCs.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Once .,a .,vulnerable .,computer .,... .,fencing .,stolen .,IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,also .,defraud .,... .,to .,visit .,pay-per-click .,ads.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It's .,even .,more .,important .,... .,protected .,by .,a
.,firewall. .,ANS: . , E PTS: . , 2
7. The .,earth .,is .,of .,interest .,to .,astronomy .,for .,many .,reasons. .,Nearly .,all .,observations .,must .,be
.,made .,through .,the .,atmosphere, .,and .,the .,phenomena .,of .,the .,upper .,atmosphere .,and .,the
.,magnetosphere .,reflect .,the .,state .,of .,interplanetary .,space. .,The .,earth .,is .,also .,the .,most .,important
.,object .,of .,comparison .,for .,planetologists.
Hannu .,Karttunen, .,et .,al., .,Fundamental .,Astronomy
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,phenomena .,... .,state .,of .,interplanetary .,space.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,earth .,is .,also .,... .,for .,planetologists.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,earth .,is .,of .,interest .,to .,astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Nearly .,all .,observations .,... .,through .,the
.,atmosphere. .,ANS: . , C PTS: . , 2
8. If .,the .,trade .,in .,tiger .,products .,is .,banned, .,tiger .,reserves .,are .,guarded .,by .,well .,equipped .,staff,
.,communities .,abutting .,tiger .,habitat .,are .,given .,a .,stake .,in .,protecting .,tigers, .,and .,the .,makers .,of
.,traditional .,medicines .,can .,be .,persuaded .,that .,tiger .,parts .,are .,not .,needed, .,then .,tiger .,poaching
.,will .,be .,halted, .,habitat .,and .,life .,sustaining .,prey .,will .,be .,restored, .,and .,the .,immanent
.,extinction .,of .,tigers .,in .,the .,wild .,will .,be .,averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,trade .,in .,tiger .,products .,is .,banned.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Tiger .,poaching .,will .,be .,halted.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,The .,makers .,of .,traditional .,medicines .,... .,not .,needed.
2
, e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Tiger .,poaching .,will .,be .,halted .,... .,will .,be
.,averted. .,ANS: . , A PTS: . , 2
9. Humans .,are .,biological .,organisms. .,To .,understand .,our .,behavior .,and .,mental .,processes, .,we
.,need .,to .,understand .,their .,biological .,underpinnings, .,starting .,with .,the .,cellular .,level, .,the
.,neuron. .,How .,we .,feel, .,learn, .,remember, .,and .,think .,all .,stem .,from .,neuronal .,activity. .,So, .,how
.,a .,neuron .,works .,and .,how .,neurons .,communicate .,are .,crucial .,pieces .,of .,information .,in .,solving
.,the .,puzzle .,of .,human .,behavior .,and .,mental .,processing.
Richard .,Griggs, .,Psychology: .,A .,Concise .,Introduction
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,To .,understand .,our .,behavior .,... .,the .,neuron.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Humans .,are .,biological .,organisms.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,How .,we .,feel .,... .,neuronal .,activity.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,How .,a .,neuron .,works .,... .,mental .,processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: . , D PTS: ., .,2
10. Viruses .,are .,acellular .,entities .,too .,small .,to .,be .,seen .,with .,a .,light .,microscope. .,They .,are
.,composed .,of .,a .,nucleic .,acid .,and .,a .,few .,proteins. .,Viruses .,replicate .,themselves .,and .,display
.,other .,properties .,of .,living .,organisms .,only .,when .,they .,have .,invaded .,living .,cells. .,Indeed,
.,some .,viruses .,can .,be .,crystallized .,and .,stored .,in .,a .,container .,on .,a .,shelf .,for .,years, .,but .,they
.,retain .,the .,capacity .,to .,invade .,cells .,and .,cause .,disease.
Jacquelyn .,C. .,Black, .,Microbiology: .,Principles .,and .,Explorations
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,They .,are .,composed .,of .,a .,nucleic .,acid .,and .,a .,few .,proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Viruses .,are .,acellular .,entities .,... .,microscope.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Indeed, .,some .,viruses .,can .,be .,crystallized .,... .,cause .,disease.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Viruses .,replicate .,themselves .,... .,invaded .,living
.,cells. .,ANS: . , B PTS: . , 2
11. Harnessing .,the .,clean, .,abundant .,energy .,of .,the .,sun .,and .,wind .,is .,critical .,to .,solving .,the .,global
.,warming .,problem. .,Technological .,advances .,have .,brought .,the .,cost .,of .,electricity .,generated .,by
.,the .,wind .,down .,by .,82 .,percent .,since .,1981. .,Solar .,energy .,technology .,has .,made .,remarkable
.,progress .,as .,new .,photovoltaic .,cells .,have .,been .,developed .,to .,convert .,even .,greater .,amounts .,of
.,sunlight .,directly .,into .,electricity. .,Today .,the .,costs .,of .,wind .,and .,solar .,power .,are .,becoming
.,competitive .,with .,dirty .,coal-fired .,plants.
Sierra .,Club, .,"Global .,Warming .,Solutions"
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Today .,the .,costs .,of .,wind .,... .,dirty .,coal-fired .,plants.
b. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Technological .,advances .,... .,by .,82 .,percent .,since .,1981.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Harnessing .,the .,clean .,... .,the .,global .,warming .,problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,Solar .,energy .,technology .,... .,directly .,into
.,electricity. .,ANS: . , D PTS: . , 2
12. It .,is .,likely .,that .,innocent .,prisoners .,in .,this .,country .,have .,been .,executed .,for .,crimes .,they .,did
.,not .,commit. .,From .,1973 .,until .,2007, .,124 .,death .,row .,inmates .,have .,been .,exonerated. .,In .,many
.,of .,these .,cases .,DNA .,evidence .,played .,a .,crucial .,role. .,Yet, .,in .,that .,same .,time .,frame, .,more
.,than .,1000 .,prisoners .,were .,executed. .,For .,many .,of .,these .,prisoners .,no .,DNA .,evidence .,was
.,available. .,If .,such .,evidence .,had .,been .,available, .,how .,may .,more .,would .,have .,been .,exonerated?
a. Argument; .,conclusion: .,In .,many .,of .,these .,cases .,... .,played .,a .,crucial .,role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; .,conclusion: .,From .,1973 .,... .,have .,been .,exonerated.
d. Argument; .,conclusion: .,For .,many .,of .,these .,prisoners .,... .,was .,available.
e. Argument; .,conclusion: .,It .,is .,likely .,that .,innocent .,prisoners .,... .,they .,did .,not .,commit.
3
