LITERATUUR KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK
Toepassing van Onderzoeksmethoden en Statistiek
In dit document is de literatuur opgenomen van Toepassing van Onderzoeksmethoden en
Statistiek over Kwalitatief onderzoek. Dit vak wordt gegeven in het eerste jaar aan de
faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, blok 4, Universiteit Utrecht. De samenvatting is deels in het
Engels en deels in het Nederlands.
Inhoud
MORLING & CARR...................................................................................................................................1
Blz. 542-543 Induction, abduction, and deduction.............................................................................1
Blz. 312-314 Observer roles................................................................................................................2
RICHIE & LEWIS (2003)...........................................................................................................................2
Blz. 114-133 Designing fieldwork strategies and materials................................................................2
Blz. 150-159 In-depth interview.........................................................................................................3
Blz. 180-189 Discussion in focus groups.............................................................................................6
Blz. 264-270 Generalizability/external validity...................................................................................7
Blz. 270-276 Validity and reliability....................................................................................................8
BOHM (2004)..........................................................................................................................................9
Blz. 271-274 Open, axial, and selective coding...................................................................................9
HSIEK & SHANNON (2005)......................................................................................................................9
Blz. 1281-1283 Directed content analysis...........................................................................................9
PROBST (2015)........................................................................................................................................9
Blz. 42-45 Benefits and challenges to reflexivity.................................................................................9
MORLING & CARR
Blz. 542-543 Induction, abduction, and deduction
- Inductive research = research that begins with the data and then generalizes or pro-
duces theoretical generalization from the data (bottom-up approach).
o Grounded theory = a systematic, inductive approach to qualitative research that
suggests that researchers should extrapolate conceptual relationships from data
rather than formulate testable hypotheses from existing theory. Dit is geen theorie,
maar het is een methode voor het analyseren van kwalitatieve data om een theorie
te creëren.
o Purposive sampling = a sampling strategy in which cases are deliberately selected
on the basis of features that distinguish them from other cases.
o Saturation = when new materials (interviews, observations, survey responses) fail to
yield new insights and simply reinforce what the researcher already knows.
- Abductive research = research that attempts to build theory from ‘surprises’ in empirical
data.
, - Deductive research = research that takes a ‘top-down’ approach, where the theory or
hypothesis drives the data-collection strategy and analysis. This approach is much more
common in quantitative research than in qualitative research.
Blz. 312-314 Observer roles
- Observer = one of the four roles a researcher can adopt when doing fieldwork; as an ob-
server, the researcher tells people they are being observed but does not take part in the
subjects’ activities and lives.
- Covert observer = one of the four roles a researcher can adopt when doing fieldwork; as
a cover observer, the researcher observes people who do not know they are being ob-
served or studied.
o Systematic observation = a method of observation in which the researcher follows
a checklist and timeline for observing phenomena.
RICHIE & LEWIS (2003)
Blz. 114-133 Designing fieldwork strategies and materials
Designing topic guide
- The purpose and nature of a topic guide. A topic guide provides documentation of topics
or themse that serves as an interview agenda, guide, or aide-memoire (zorgen voor be-
trouwbaarheid in het onderzoek). Een topic guide zorgt ervoor dat alle onderwerpen
besproken worden, maar is niet zo strict als een gestructureerd interview.
- Establishing subject coverage. De eerste stap van het maken van een topic guide is het
bepalen van de onderwerpen die er behandelt moeten worden in dataverzameling. Dit
kan gedaan worden door literatuuronderzoek.
- The structure and length of the guide. Structure: key topics that have to be covered,
opening and closing questions, specific subjects, directions for probing and suggested
wording for sensitive topic-questions. Length: it is best to keep the topic guide as short as
possible, but it have to give enough information for the researchers.
- Language and terminology. Het is het beste als de topic list geen uitgeschreven vragen
bevat, maar alleen onderwerpen waar het over moet gaan. Dan kan de onderzoeker de
vragen zelf formuleren. Dit zorgt voor een meer spontaan gesprek. Ook moet de taal zo
neutraal mogelijk zijn. Verder moet de taal overeenkomen met die van de respondent,
zodat de onderzoeker en de respondent beiden hetzelfde bedoelen.
Toepassing van Onderzoeksmethoden en Statistiek
In dit document is de literatuur opgenomen van Toepassing van Onderzoeksmethoden en
Statistiek over Kwalitatief onderzoek. Dit vak wordt gegeven in het eerste jaar aan de
faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, blok 4, Universiteit Utrecht. De samenvatting is deels in het
Engels en deels in het Nederlands.
Inhoud
MORLING & CARR...................................................................................................................................1
Blz. 542-543 Induction, abduction, and deduction.............................................................................1
Blz. 312-314 Observer roles................................................................................................................2
RICHIE & LEWIS (2003)...........................................................................................................................2
Blz. 114-133 Designing fieldwork strategies and materials................................................................2
Blz. 150-159 In-depth interview.........................................................................................................3
Blz. 180-189 Discussion in focus groups.............................................................................................6
Blz. 264-270 Generalizability/external validity...................................................................................7
Blz. 270-276 Validity and reliability....................................................................................................8
BOHM (2004)..........................................................................................................................................9
Blz. 271-274 Open, axial, and selective coding...................................................................................9
HSIEK & SHANNON (2005)......................................................................................................................9
Blz. 1281-1283 Directed content analysis...........................................................................................9
PROBST (2015)........................................................................................................................................9
Blz. 42-45 Benefits and challenges to reflexivity.................................................................................9
MORLING & CARR
Blz. 542-543 Induction, abduction, and deduction
- Inductive research = research that begins with the data and then generalizes or pro-
duces theoretical generalization from the data (bottom-up approach).
o Grounded theory = a systematic, inductive approach to qualitative research that
suggests that researchers should extrapolate conceptual relationships from data
rather than formulate testable hypotheses from existing theory. Dit is geen theorie,
maar het is een methode voor het analyseren van kwalitatieve data om een theorie
te creëren.
o Purposive sampling = a sampling strategy in which cases are deliberately selected
on the basis of features that distinguish them from other cases.
o Saturation = when new materials (interviews, observations, survey responses) fail to
yield new insights and simply reinforce what the researcher already knows.
- Abductive research = research that attempts to build theory from ‘surprises’ in empirical
data.
, - Deductive research = research that takes a ‘top-down’ approach, where the theory or
hypothesis drives the data-collection strategy and analysis. This approach is much more
common in quantitative research than in qualitative research.
Blz. 312-314 Observer roles
- Observer = one of the four roles a researcher can adopt when doing fieldwork; as an ob-
server, the researcher tells people they are being observed but does not take part in the
subjects’ activities and lives.
- Covert observer = one of the four roles a researcher can adopt when doing fieldwork; as
a cover observer, the researcher observes people who do not know they are being ob-
served or studied.
o Systematic observation = a method of observation in which the researcher follows
a checklist and timeline for observing phenomena.
RICHIE & LEWIS (2003)
Blz. 114-133 Designing fieldwork strategies and materials
Designing topic guide
- The purpose and nature of a topic guide. A topic guide provides documentation of topics
or themse that serves as an interview agenda, guide, or aide-memoire (zorgen voor be-
trouwbaarheid in het onderzoek). Een topic guide zorgt ervoor dat alle onderwerpen
besproken worden, maar is niet zo strict als een gestructureerd interview.
- Establishing subject coverage. De eerste stap van het maken van een topic guide is het
bepalen van de onderwerpen die er behandelt moeten worden in dataverzameling. Dit
kan gedaan worden door literatuuronderzoek.
- The structure and length of the guide. Structure: key topics that have to be covered,
opening and closing questions, specific subjects, directions for probing and suggested
wording for sensitive topic-questions. Length: it is best to keep the topic guide as short as
possible, but it have to give enough information for the researchers.
- Language and terminology. Het is het beste als de topic list geen uitgeschreven vragen
bevat, maar alleen onderwerpen waar het over moet gaan. Dan kan de onderzoeker de
vragen zelf formuleren. Dit zorgt voor een meer spontaan gesprek. Ook moet de taal zo
neutraal mogelijk zijn. Verder moet de taal overeenkomen met die van de respondent,
zodat de onderzoeker en de respondent beiden hetzelfde bedoelen.
