bio457 unit 1 Already Passed
what is chordata - =-a large phylum with all vertebrates and some inverts.
-anything that has a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond the anus.
(dorsal, hollow nerve cord) (paired structures in the throat)
what % of chordata have been described and classified and how many # - =96%, 57,739/60,000
taxonimists-scientists that ID and classify organisms. what % are chordate systemists? - =33%
why has so much attention been given to b & m? - =-theyre pets
-theyre food
-theyre transportation (horse=pull carrage)
-theyre symbols (dove=peace,state bird=northern cardinal, bald eagle=USA)
b&m characteristics 2 objectives - =Lesson Objectives
• Describe the many traits that differentiate mammals and birds from other animals
• Know the similarities and differences in each of the traits between birds and mammals
(summary slide at end)
- For example, be able to compare and contrast feather and hair development and structure
• Know the relevant terminology (in red) associated with these traits
what makes b&m unique from other animals? - =-heat regulation
-4-chambered hearts
-determinate growth-fixed size at maturity
-efficient repiratory system
-highly developed brains
-unique insulation
, heat regulation - ectothem, endotherm, poikilotherm, homeotherm, other facts - =Ectotherm-
animal dependent on external sources of body heat
Endotherm- animal dependent on or capable of internal generation of heat (B&M)
Poikilotherm- body temperature varies, typically cannot regulate body temp other than by
behavioral means like basking and burrowing
Homeotherms- maintain body temp at a constant level, usually higher than the environment
(B&M)
• Shivering is an involuntary mode of heat production
• ATP breaks down, giving off energy as heat
• No motion involved because muscle pairs contract together
heat regulation trade-offs - =-Energy output (~activity) of a lizard (ectotherm) and a mouse
(endotherm) at different core body temperatures.
• Trade-off: Internal heat generation provides a consistent environment for biochemical
reactions, BUT it requires a lot of energy to maintain
body temps b&m - =Birds typically maintain a body temperature between 40-41℃ (104 -
105.8℉) Mammals typically maintain a body temperature between 36-38℃ (96.8 -100.4℉)
facultative heterothermia - =Birds and mammals can also use facultative heterothermia to save
energy in relation to heat generation. They can choose (facultative) let environment dictate body
temperature (heterothermia) for short periods of time in order to save energy
what is chordata - =-a large phylum with all vertebrates and some inverts.
-anything that has a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond the anus.
(dorsal, hollow nerve cord) (paired structures in the throat)
what % of chordata have been described and classified and how many # - =96%, 57,739/60,000
taxonimists-scientists that ID and classify organisms. what % are chordate systemists? - =33%
why has so much attention been given to b & m? - =-theyre pets
-theyre food
-theyre transportation (horse=pull carrage)
-theyre symbols (dove=peace,state bird=northern cardinal, bald eagle=USA)
b&m characteristics 2 objectives - =Lesson Objectives
• Describe the many traits that differentiate mammals and birds from other animals
• Know the similarities and differences in each of the traits between birds and mammals
(summary slide at end)
- For example, be able to compare and contrast feather and hair development and structure
• Know the relevant terminology (in red) associated with these traits
what makes b&m unique from other animals? - =-heat regulation
-4-chambered hearts
-determinate growth-fixed size at maturity
-efficient repiratory system
-highly developed brains
-unique insulation
, heat regulation - ectothem, endotherm, poikilotherm, homeotherm, other facts - =Ectotherm-
animal dependent on external sources of body heat
Endotherm- animal dependent on or capable of internal generation of heat (B&M)
Poikilotherm- body temperature varies, typically cannot regulate body temp other than by
behavioral means like basking and burrowing
Homeotherms- maintain body temp at a constant level, usually higher than the environment
(B&M)
• Shivering is an involuntary mode of heat production
• ATP breaks down, giving off energy as heat
• No motion involved because muscle pairs contract together
heat regulation trade-offs - =-Energy output (~activity) of a lizard (ectotherm) and a mouse
(endotherm) at different core body temperatures.
• Trade-off: Internal heat generation provides a consistent environment for biochemical
reactions, BUT it requires a lot of energy to maintain
body temps b&m - =Birds typically maintain a body temperature between 40-41℃ (104 -
105.8℉) Mammals typically maintain a body temperature between 36-38℃ (96.8 -100.4℉)
facultative heterothermia - =Birds and mammals can also use facultative heterothermia to save
energy in relation to heat generation. They can choose (facultative) let environment dictate body
temperature (heterothermia) for short periods of time in order to save energy
