PNB 2264 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Which of the following ions is at the relative highest concentration in the cytosol?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Calcium
e. Barium - ✔✔b. Potassium
✔✔Which of the following is the CORRECT association of joint with its classification?
a. Connecting pubic bones- gliding
b. Distal radioulnar - pivot
c. Costovertebral - synchondrosis
d. All of the above - ✔✔b. Distal radioulnar - pivot
✔✔Which of the following accurately describes anatomical positions?
a. Lying supine with palms down
b. Standing with arms by side, palms facing legs (medial); thumbs forward (anterior)
c. Standing with arms to the side, palms facing forward (anterior), thurmbs out (lateral)
d. Standing with shoulders AB ducted to 90 degrees, palms facing back (posterior);
thumbs down (inferior) - ✔✔c. Standing with arms to the side, palms facing forward
(anterior), thurmbs out (lateral)
✔✔Which of the following is the CORRECT pairing of muscle and actions?
a. Supraspinatus- Internal (medial) rotation of the shoulder
b. Teres minor - External (lateral) rotation of shoulder
c. Latissimus dorsi- ABduction of shoulder
d. All of the Above - ✔✔b. Teres minor - External (lateral) rotation of shoulder
✔✔Carriers are different than ion channels because:
a. Ion channels are larger than carriers
b. Ion channels create pores in the plasma membrane
c. Ion channels are saturable
d. Carrier mediated transport requires ATP - ✔✔b. Ion channels create pores in the
plasma membrane
, ✔✔That articulation between C-1 (atlas) and occipital bone is a _____ joints that allows
this movement _____
a. Pivoting and gliding; rotation of the head to the left and right ("no" movement)
b. Combined symphysis and gliding; slight movements in all directions
c. Pivot; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement)
d. Double condyloid; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement) - ✔✔d. Double
condyloid; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement)
✔✔The matrix of hyaline cartilage
a. Contains a type of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) called chondroitin sulfate
b. Contains collagen fibers to make it capable of resisting stretch
c. Is not living
d. All of the above
e. None of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Blood glucose levels are regulated by a feedback control system involving the
pancreas. An increase in blood glucose is the stimulus that is sensed by the pancreas.
The leads to pancreatic secretion of the hormone Insulin which activates glucose
transporters that move glucose into the cells. In this control system, the best definition
of the EFFECTOR(S) would be the _____
a. Glucose transporters that remove glucose from the blood into cells
b. Control center in the pancreas, which established the set point for blood glucose
levels
c. Receptors in the pancreas which sense blood glucose levels
d. Hormone Insulin traveling in the blood - ✔✔a. Glucose transporters that remove
glucose from the blood into cells
✔✔If your temperature decreases, _____ will bring it back up and if your temperature
increases, _____ will bring it back down
a. Positive feedback; negative feedback
b. Positive feedback; positive feedback
c. Feed forward; feedback control
d. Negative feedback; negative feedback - ✔✔d. Negative feedback; negative feedback
✔✔Which one feature is NOT found in normal adult bones?
a. Hyaline cartilage covering articular surface
b. Hydroxyapatite
c. Osteoclasts
d. Hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis - ✔✔d. Hyaline cartilage between
diaphysis and epiphysis
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
✔✔Which of the following ions is at the relative highest concentration in the cytosol?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Calcium
e. Barium - ✔✔b. Potassium
✔✔Which of the following is the CORRECT association of joint with its classification?
a. Connecting pubic bones- gliding
b. Distal radioulnar - pivot
c. Costovertebral - synchondrosis
d. All of the above - ✔✔b. Distal radioulnar - pivot
✔✔Which of the following accurately describes anatomical positions?
a. Lying supine with palms down
b. Standing with arms by side, palms facing legs (medial); thumbs forward (anterior)
c. Standing with arms to the side, palms facing forward (anterior), thurmbs out (lateral)
d. Standing with shoulders AB ducted to 90 degrees, palms facing back (posterior);
thumbs down (inferior) - ✔✔c. Standing with arms to the side, palms facing forward
(anterior), thurmbs out (lateral)
✔✔Which of the following is the CORRECT pairing of muscle and actions?
a. Supraspinatus- Internal (medial) rotation of the shoulder
b. Teres minor - External (lateral) rotation of shoulder
c. Latissimus dorsi- ABduction of shoulder
d. All of the Above - ✔✔b. Teres minor - External (lateral) rotation of shoulder
✔✔Carriers are different than ion channels because:
a. Ion channels are larger than carriers
b. Ion channels create pores in the plasma membrane
c. Ion channels are saturable
d. Carrier mediated transport requires ATP - ✔✔b. Ion channels create pores in the
plasma membrane
, ✔✔That articulation between C-1 (atlas) and occipital bone is a _____ joints that allows
this movement _____
a. Pivoting and gliding; rotation of the head to the left and right ("no" movement)
b. Combined symphysis and gliding; slight movements in all directions
c. Pivot; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement)
d. Double condyloid; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement) - ✔✔d. Double
condyloid; flexion and extension of the neck ("yes" movement)
✔✔The matrix of hyaline cartilage
a. Contains a type of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) called chondroitin sulfate
b. Contains collagen fibers to make it capable of resisting stretch
c. Is not living
d. All of the above
e. None of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Blood glucose levels are regulated by a feedback control system involving the
pancreas. An increase in blood glucose is the stimulus that is sensed by the pancreas.
The leads to pancreatic secretion of the hormone Insulin which activates glucose
transporters that move glucose into the cells. In this control system, the best definition
of the EFFECTOR(S) would be the _____
a. Glucose transporters that remove glucose from the blood into cells
b. Control center in the pancreas, which established the set point for blood glucose
levels
c. Receptors in the pancreas which sense blood glucose levels
d. Hormone Insulin traveling in the blood - ✔✔a. Glucose transporters that remove
glucose from the blood into cells
✔✔If your temperature decreases, _____ will bring it back up and if your temperature
increases, _____ will bring it back down
a. Positive feedback; negative feedback
b. Positive feedback; positive feedback
c. Feed forward; feedback control
d. Negative feedback; negative feedback - ✔✔d. Negative feedback; negative feedback
✔✔Which one feature is NOT found in normal adult bones?
a. Hyaline cartilage covering articular surface
b. Hydroxyapatite
c. Osteoclasts
d. Hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis - ✔✔d. Hyaline cartilage between
diaphysis and epiphysis
