Test Bank for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Biology of the Mind 5th Edition by Gazzaniga

1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green? a. psychopathology b. cognition c. neurology d. psychosis ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering 2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also a. created very accurate drawings of the brain. b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures. c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience. d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding 3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT: a. He named many brain parts. b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions. c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage. d. He created very accurate brain images. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering 4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of , which is the perspective of . a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging b. survival; evolution d. dysfunction; psychopathology ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are responsible for the conscious mind? a. monism c. dualism b. behaviorism d. relativism ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing 6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a single brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function? a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering 7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed? a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Analyzing 8. A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities a. arise from networks of brain areas working together. b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath. c. are best studied using the scientific method. d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding 9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by a. Broca and Wernicke. c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington. b. Fritsch and Hitzig. d. Gall and Spurzheim. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions. b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways. c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to certain traits, such as aggressiveness. d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating 11. Localizationist is to as holistic is to . a. Wernicke; Gall c. Flourens; Broca b. Gall; Flourens d. Broca; Wernicke ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding 12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed. b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics. c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed. d. he used his own skull as the base model. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in behavior, is most associated with a. Broca. c. Brodmann. b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in the cerebral cortex was that a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions. b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions. c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex. d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing 15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence. b. he was not a scientist. c. his method was correlational. d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Analyzing 16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him? a. You are a domineering person. b. Your father was a very domineering person. c. Your brother is a domineering person. d. Your mother was a very domineering person. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying 17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as a. the neuron doctrine. c. rationalism. b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 18. John Hughlings Jackson proposed a organization in the cerebral cortex, based on his work with people with . a. holistic; aphasia c. topographic; epilepsy b. topographic; aphasia d. holistic; epilepsy ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding 19. was one of the first brain scientists to realize that specific cognitive functions can be localized to specific parts of the brain and that many different functional regions can take part in a given behavior. a. Broca c. Flourens b. Hughlings Jackson d. Brodmann ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 20. Which 19th-century scientist suggested that the frontal lobe contributes to language and speech production? a. Flourens c. Broca b. Wernicke d. Brodmann ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 21. Patient Leborgne was nicknamed